Republic of Korea & Vietnam: Post WWII

Team #8: Will Sandman, Lisa Stensby, David Straup, Gigi Rong

Agenda

Introduction & South Korea 45-48: David South Korea 48 Present: Lisa Vietnam 45 Present Will Conclusion & Take-Aways: Gigi

Wheres Wildo?
South Korea Vietnam

South Korea - Strategic Location

Crossroads of Northeast Asia Korean Strait, Sea of Japan and Yellow Sea Proximity to Japan & China

Vietnam Strategic Location

1281 km border with China Over 3300 km coastline with access to the Gulf of Tonkin, South China Sea and the Gulf of Thailand

Industry
Industry Services Manufacturing Agriculture South Korea 55% of GDP (est.) 40% of GDP (est.) 5% of GDP (est.) Vietnam 38% of GDP (est.) 40%* of GDP (est.) *Also includes construction 22%* of GDP (est.)
*Also includes forestry & fishing

Current Statistics
Population (2009) GDP (2009) GDP Per Capita (2009) South Korea 48.8 million $831.5 billion (U.S.) $17,039 (U.S.) Vietnam 88.2 million $96.3 billion (U.S.) $1,093 (U.S.)

South Korea Won

Vietnamese Dong

GDP Over Time

Current Political System

South Korea
A democratic republic with powers shared between the presidency, the legislature and the judiciary. Traditional dominated by the president.

Pres. Lee Myungbak

Vietnam
A single-party constitutional republic (Communist
Pres. Nguyen Minh Triet

South Korea

1945 - Present

Liberation & Decolonization

1945 1948
Aug. Sept. 45:
Japanese surrenders to Allies. Power transferred to local committees of Provisional Committee for Korean Independence (PCKI) PCKI sets up provisional government called the Peoples Republic of Korea (PRK) U.S. accepts formal surrender from Japanese (south of 38th parallel) and dismisses the PRK. U.S. occupation sets up U.S. Military Government in Korea (USMGIK)

March May 46:

U.S.-Soviet Joint Commission ends in stalemate

Nov. 47:
U.N. agrees to U.N. commission to assist in moving towards Korean Independence

May Aug. 48:

National Assembly elections held. New ROK Constitution. SyungmanRhee is appointed President. Proclamation of Republic of Korea.

Society, Culture & Economics

1945 1948
Society:
Nationalistic sentiment stemming from shared experience of Japanese colonization.

U.S. focus on economy and infrastructure leads to social unrest as social issues are not prioritized.

Culture:
Social hierarchy (based on age & social status) remains at play in local, community based politics this does not translate well to the national stage and with the U.S. political agenda

Economy:
Japanese colonization had started industrialization, urbanization and modernization what to keep and what to discard? Industrial production during war geared toward Japanese war effort now these goods are useless. Japan was primary trade partner with the fall of Japan this market was gone

Liberation & Decolonization

1945 1948
Aug. Sept. 45:
Japanese surrenders to Allies. Power transferred to local committees of Provisional Committee for Korean Independence (PCKI) PCKI sets up provisional government called the Peoples Republic of Korea (PRK) U.S. accepts formal surrender from Japanese (south of 38th parallel) and dismisses the PRK. U.S. occupation sets up U.S. Military Government in Korea (USMGIK)

March May 46:

U.S.-Soviet Joint Commission ends in stalemate

Nov. 47:
U.N. agrees to U.N. commission to assist in moving towards Korean Independence

May Aug. 48:

National Assembly elections held. New ROK Constitution. SyungmanRhee is appointed President. Proclamation of Republic of Korea.

Society, Culture & Economics

1945 1948
Society:
Nationalistic sentiment stemming from shared experience of Japanese colonization. Calls for Land Reform widespread and punishment of collaborators a common expectation. Yet no clear direction or ideology. U.S. focus on economy and infrastructure leads to social unrest and discontent as U.S. largely ignores social issues and punishment of collaborators

Culture:
Strong sense of social hierarchy (based on age & social status) remains at play in local, community based politics this does not translate well to the national stage and with the U.S. political agenda

Economy:
Japanese colonization had started industrialization, urbanization and modernization what to keep and what to discard? Industrial production during war geared toward Japanese war effort now these goods are useless.

K o re a : 1 9 4 8 -1 9 6 0 S yn g m a n R hee
Po l ce S ta te i Ai e co n o m y d
1 9 4 5 - 1 9 6 1 : U . S . a i to ta l a b o u t $ 3 b i l o n d s li K o re a n re l a n ce o n U . S . a i a n d i p o rt o f ra w m a te ri l i d m as C h a e b o l si i a r to J p a n e se K e i tsu ( exa m p l s: S a m su n g , s m l a re e D a e w o o , LG )

Fi E d u ca ti n La w D e ce m b e r 3 1 , 1 9 4 9 rst o 1 9 5 0 -1 9 5 3 : K o re a n w a r - S e t b a ck e co n o m ic g ro w th Po st w a r- 1953 U . S . and South Korea sign Mutual Defense Treaty

w h i e n a b l d th e d e ve l p m e n t o f a ca p i l sti e co n o m y ch e o ta i c

Korea: 1961-1979 General Park Chung Hee

Military Dictatorship Rapid
economic

growth

International political support Access to foreign capital and technology Reserve of literate and low cost workers

Five year plans 1965: ROK-Japan Normalization Treaty

K o re a : 1 9 7 9 -1 9 9 3

1979-1980: Choi Kyu Hah

Political unrest from Parks authoritarian rule

1980-1988: Chun Doo Hwan

Took control of government through military coup 1980 Gwangju Massacre Seoul Summer Olympics

1988-1993: Roh Tae-woo

First president elected by direct popular

Korea: 1993-Present

1993-1998: Kim Young-sam

Anti-corruption campaign

End of the string of dictatorships

1998-2003: Kim Dae-jung

Revives economy after Asian Financial Crisis Sunshine Policy
Sought to improve relations with North Korea

2003-2008: Roh Moo-Hyun

Increased economic regulations slows economic growth

2008-Present: Lee Myung-Bak

7-4-7 plan; 7% economic growth, raise per capita income to $40,000 and make South Korea the Worlds 7th largest economy

Vietnam

1945 - Present

Famine and French 1945-1954

1945-2 million people die in famine
Land taken for sesame and hemp oil North dependent on South for rice for soldiers US bombing Japanese transport of supplies

1945-1954
French enter after Japanese leave French controlled south French force Ho Chi Minh out US backs Bao Dai, Soviet and China back Ho Chi Minh Divided North and South government

Vietnam War 1954-1975

Vital differences in success in Vietnam initially
US wants American style democracy, Saigon not ready Assistance from US thought they could have unilateral power

Ho Chi Minh Trail (1959)-flow of supplies through Cambodia Kennedy sends significant troops 100016,000 at once (1961) Kennedy assasinated US starts Rolling Thunder bombing campaign (1964) Hanoi depended on China for supplies and

Vietnam War 1954-1975

Not working for US
Couldnt stop flow of supplies to the north search and destroy tactic didnt work because the enemy could pick battle spots

US domestic support and backing of the war is not positive Tet Offensive repelled Johnson overstated that the war was nearly won and he didnt run of president Nixon gets Soviets and Chinese involved to pressure Hanoi to start negotiations Negotiations begin as Nixon resigns The war ends in 1975

Post War 1975-1986

Many people leave the country and many are killed or imprisoned trying to leave the country Personal Account
Tams mom studied in Saigon and worked at a hospital Her father had worked for the US Army so he went to a reeducation camp for 1 year All land, cars and farms were confiscated Uncle had 18 cars and trucks taken even though he helped with communists Very little food at this time from 75-80

Fighting between Vietnam and Cambodia With the death of Le Duan in 1986 the

Economic Borders Opened 1986-1995

Personal Account-1986
Many foreign investors started to come in Jobs were created Gradual change Positive changes for houses, roads, clothes, travel, food and healthcare

Government encouraged tourism Soviet collapse, Vietnam strengthened their alliance with China

uKorea:

Geopolitical Foreign Influence

uClose economic ties with Japan uThe USs political strategy: financial aid

uVietnam:
uChina/Soviet Unions communist power uFollowing Chinas open door policy

uUS anticommunism
uKorea War and Vietnam War
u

Self serving global agendas of Western (including Japan) Capitalist and Communist powers greatly shaped the geopolitical landscape of

Politics
uKorea: Democracy uThe 28th out of 167 countries* uTwo main political powers: GNP & UDP uVietnams Communism uThe 147th out of 167 countries* uDominant political force: VCP

The contrasting government types, democracy and authoritarian rule, are predominant political structures of the governments of Korea and Vietnam respectively.

Economy
uKorea
uRelying on international trade (70% GDP) uExporting contributes to economic growth uNationalism makes it difficult for foreign companies to fit in Korean market

uVietnam
uEconomic renovation and support for private sectors since 1986 uRapid expanded economy since 2000 uWelcomes FDI bringing in capital and jobs
u

Economic prosperity in Korea and a

Q&A