Group:- RMD & MD (PEMP FT - 10) Title:-VERTICAL WIND TURBINE Project leaders:- Dr.Narahari,HOD, A&AE Department Dr.N.S.Mahesh, HOD, MME Department Project group:RMD MD Mr.Chandramouli H.R. Mr.Mohan patnaik Mr.Lokesh kumar. Mr.Lava kumar Mr.Srinath.k. Mr.Abinandan patil Mr.Srinath.P.V Mr.Raghavendra Mr.Narendra.
M. S. Ramaiah School of Advanced Studies
CONTENTS
Aim ,Objective and Scope of the project. Introduction Methodology adopted Design and Fabrication Conclusion
OBJECTIVES:
Evaluate the best blade offset by field testing using a small prototype model. Produce a turbine capable of generating 5%~10% of the households electricity. To show that using the Savonius turbine for household generation is a viable option.
Objectives
To study the Savonius generator which relies solely on drag to produce a force that turns the turbine shaft.
To understand the fundamentals of turbine design, and to evaluate the best blade profile. To study the generation of electricity. To study the occurrence of self starting in low wind speeds. To calculate the performance of the wind machine To study the overall structure of the turbine
M. S. Ramaiah School of Advanced Studies
INTRODUCTION
Vertical-axis wind turbines are a type of wind turbine where the main rotor shaft is set vertically. The vertical design means that blades pushed by the wind will turn the shaft to which they are connected.
SAVONIUS TURBINE
The Savonius is a drag-type VAWT. Savonius wind turbine cannot rotate faster than the speed of the wind. Savonius type vertical axis wind turbines turn slowly but generate a high torque. Savonius turbines are suitable for small scale domestic electricity generation -especially in locations with strong turbulent winds.
Conceptual Design of Rotating Blades CAD model (using CATIA V5) Blade material Selection Manufacturing Process for the Blade Blade Mounting
Rotor Blades
The Savonius rotor concept never became popular, until recently, probably because of its low efficiency. However, it has the following advantages over the other conventional wind turbines: Simple and cheap construction;
Acceptance of wind from any direction thus eliminating the need for reorientation; High starting torque; Relatively low operating speed (rpm)
Design criteria
The following are some rules for construction of a Savonius rotor. The size of the end plates, to which are mounted the buckets, should be about 5% larger than the diameter of the rotor. The central shaft should be mounted to the end plates only, and not through the buckets. An aspect ratio of about 2 is desirable from the economic point of view. Use only two buckets, as a higher number reduces the efficiency. The use of augmentation devices such as concentrators or diffusers or combination of the two result in increased power coefficient
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This design is also very simple, and can also be made easily from metal drums or pipe sections. The design is slightly more efficient than the one above as some of the air is deflected by the second vane as it exits the first one. This is the most efficient Savonius design. It not only has the advantage of air being deflected twice like the design above, but also that the vanes act partly like an airfoil when they are edge-on into the wind, creating a small lift effect and thus enhancing efficiency. Fig. 2 Blade profiles
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Conceptual Design
Nomenclature-
Fig. 3 Blade profiles D- Rotor Diameter q- Radius of circular arc p- Straight edge of blade H- Rotor Height s- End extend
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Catia model
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Aluminum sheet Lightweight and tough hardened aluminum sheet has been used for turbine blade.
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Structure design
B e a r in g C o v e r B e a r in g O u te r S h a ft
B e a r in g S pacer HUB
7 5 .0 2 5 .0 A
7 5 0 .0
Lock N ut In n e r S h a ft
Possibilities for support. Shaft with one bearing support at the bottom C frame with a top and bottom support Shaft with 2 bearing at top and bottom and another hallow shaft rotating over the bearings
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Str ct r
UB
0.02 A
75.0 25.0
si
Base:
A
750.0
Is a square frame of L angle or box structure of 750 Sq. A hub is welded to the frame at the centre, with a perpendicularity of 0.02mm, The hub will have a bore to suit the inner shaft diameter, this is a transition fit with a clearance of 0.1 mm.
Fr m t W l i
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Structure design
HUB
7 5 .0 2 5 .0 A
7 5 0 .0
Lock N ut
Inner Shaft
I n n e r S h a ft
Outer Shaft Is a Hallow pipe, with two bearing seating's on top and bottom this is the only support for the shaft, and it revolves freely on the inner shaft 22
Is a Hallow pipe, in the bottom the shaft is turned to 3 steps, 1 to suit the bearing ID 2 to suit the hub IB 3 there is a threaded portion in the end for a lock nut to lock in position.
. 2
2 .
lt Driv
Lager Pulley is welded to the outer shat with a concentricity of 0.05mm. Then smaller pulley is mounted on the mounting plate, Shims are used for the adjustment of the centre height and tensioning. A flat belt is used for connection
r P ll y lt im m ll r P ll y M ti Pl t
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Asse
B e a r in g C o v e r B e a r in g O u te r S h a ft
L a rg e r B e lt B e a r in g S pacer
9 .0
u lle
HUB
0 .02 A
7 5 .0 2 5 .0
o u n tin g
A
7 5 0 .0
Lock N ut In n e r S h a ft
L - la te ra e
24
B la d e
5 0 .0 6 12
o u n t in g T p 12
50.0
T p1
12
2 2 5 .0
2 2 5 .0
2 2 5 .0
2 2 5 .0
225.0
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anufacturing drawings
. 2
2 .
. 2
"
2 .
2 . 6 .
. . 2
"
. . 2
# #
Hub: Material is mild steel, The bore of 24 has a close tolerance of - 0.02, The top face must have a perpendicularity of 0.02 with respect to the bore. There is relief in between to reduce the are of contact, The top bore must be concentric to the bottom bore by 0.02mm
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M
. 2
2 .
f ct ri
Inside shaft:
dr
. 2
7
T
2 .
5
I
&& (
2 .
. 2
22 .
2 .
%
- . 2
'
M2 .
%
T s it it l ck t
M. S. Ramaiah School of Advanced Studies
&&
2 .
@ @
&&
&&1
&&
'
' )
&&
9 8 8 && 9 8 8
s it ri 2
Material is mild steel, The overall OD is maintained as 28 mm Bottom there are threads to suit lock nut and is maintained as M24 X 1.5 There is a dia of 24 to suit the hub and there is a tolerance of 0.02 Then there is bearing seating to suit bearing ID of 25 mm, the perpendicularity has to be maintained Towards the other end there is a bearing seating for 25mm the concentricity w.r.t to other bearing seating and perpendicularity has to be maintained
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anufacturing drawings
0.02 A
7
42.00
Inside shaft:
0.02 A
1069
To suit Bearing OD 42
54.00
The overall OD is maintained as 54 mm At top end there is bearing seating to suit bearing OD of 42 mm, the perpendicularity has to be maintained. Towards the other end there is a bearing seating for 42mm the concentricity w.r.t to other bearing seating and perpendicularity has to be maintained
0.02 A
9.0
42.00
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anufacturing drawings
2
FF R D F PI F QI F FI FE E D
. . . .
2 .
F EI F EI
. .
2 .
2 .
F EI
E HP
F EI
FE E D
A
2 .
. . .
2 .
9 .
2.
2 .
FFFF E G
E HP
F EH
9
C B A
F E
F EI
2 .
. .
F EI
E HP
F EH
2 .
E HP
F EH
F EI
F EI
F E
2.
I C B A
. 2 A
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BILL OF QUANTITY
1. FRAME 2. LOCK NUT 3. HUB WIND TURBINE 4. RIM 5. BOTTOM BEARING 6. INTERNAL SHAFT 7. OUTSIDE TUBE 8. TOP BEARING 9. SUPPORTING PLATE PULLEY 10. SPACER 11. PULLEY WITH DYNAMO 12. DYNAMO MOUNTING PLATE 13. SPACER FOR DYNAMO 14. BELT 15. BLADE 16. BUSHING
1NO. 2NOS. 1 NO. 1 NO. 1 NO. 1 NO. 1 NO. 1 NO. 1 NO. 1 NO. 1 NO. 1 NO. 1 NO. 1 NO. 2 NOS. 10 NOS.
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Based On Conceptual Design Model As Been Created Part By Part Using CATIA. Applied the material properties for all part. Assembly has done as per fabricating procedure. Detailing Is Done For Each Parts Dimensional And Geometric Constraints Are Done For Sketches and model Assembly Constrains Are Done As Per Simulation requirement and arrested the degree of freedom
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Velocity ratio
Without slip: Diameter of rim= DA ; Diameter of pulley= DB NB = (DA/DB)* NA = (620/100)*60 = 372 rpm; NB = 372 rpm; With 2% slip: NB / NA = (100-s)/100 * (DA/DB); Velocity ratio = NB / NA= 6.1; NB = 365 rpm;
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Joints
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Simulation video
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Fabrication
As per the design requirement we have chosen following material for different parts.
For inner shaft, outer shaft, hub, pre load cap for bearing, Dynamo assembly parts, blade supporting shaft- Mild Steel. Because its very cheap and most versatile. High strength & malleability, so it is soft. This means it can be easily machined & welded. Blade- Al. Belt- Nylon. The machines which were used for manufacturing the parts are milling, drilling, lathe and laser cutting machine.
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Advantages:
Very smooth welding. Faster & quicker process. Economical & easy to use.
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Machined parts
Hub
Lock nut
Nylon belt
Blade dimensions in different views
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Positioning of Hub
Supporting ribs
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Modification done in fabrication For achieving the concentricity and accuracy of shafts. Slots are made for the purpose of reducing the weight of the rim.
Sheet metal
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Estimated Project Cost Material cost: Machining Cost: Fabrication Cost: Miscellaneous: Rs 6500/Rs 6150/Rs 7300/Rs 550/-
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THANK YOU
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