Capacity Planning

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OBJECTIVES
Method for calculating the system capacity Methods for site capacity planning

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Capacity Planning

Network Dimensioning
To estimate the amount of sites and cells. How many Subscribers are supported by one site? How many sites should be setup in the service area? How many TRX are supported by one site?

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Some basic concept

Traffic Erlang Busy hour traffic per subscriber Erlang BHCA(Busy Hour Call Attempt) Erlang B table Call loss rate

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Traffic
Traffic refers to the numbers of subscribers the network can support and is usually described as follows: A=nT/3600 where, n- calls made by a subscriber within an hour T- average duration of each call(in seconds) A - Traffic, in Erlang If one call is made by a subscriber within an hour and last 120 seconds, the traffic is calculated as: A=1120/3600=33mErl For convenience of engineering calculation, the traffic is usually defined as 25mErl per subscriber.
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GOS
Grade of Service GOS GOS refers to the degree of network congestion or call loss rate. GOS=2% means that 98% of subscribers can make calls successfully and 2% of subscribers will end up with unsuccessfulness. For network operators, 2-5% of GoS is adopted.

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 BHCA: Busy hour calling amount or busy hour call attempt Erlang B table: define the relationship among call loss,channel numbers and traffic.

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Erlang-B Table
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 2% 0.020 0.223 0.602 1.092 1.657 2.276 2.935 3.627 4.345 5.084 5.842 6.615 7.402 8.200 9.010 9.828 10.656 11.491 12.333 13.182 14.036 14.896 15.761 16.631 17.505 5% 0.053 0.381 0.899 1.525 2.218 2.960 3.738 4.543 5.370 6.216 7.076 7.950 8.835 9.730 10.633 11.544 12.461 13.335 14.315 15.249 16.189 17.132 18.080 19.030 19.985

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Erlang-B Traffic Tables Abbreviated - For P.02 Grade of Service Only

#TrunksErlangs 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 0.0204 0.223 0.602 1.09 1.66 2.28 2.94 3.63 4.34 5.08 5.84 6.61 7.4 8.2 9.01 9.83 10.7 11.5 12.3 13.2 14 14.9 15.8 16.6 17.5 #TrunksErlangs #TrunksErlangs 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 18.4 19.3 20.2 21 21.9 22.8 23.7 24.6 25.5 26.4 27.3 28.3 29.2 30.1 31 31.9 32.8 33.8 34.7 35.6 36.5 37.5 38.4 39.3 40.3 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 41.2 42.1 43.1 44 44.9 45.9 46.8 47.8 48.7 49.6 50.6 51.5 52.5 53.4 54.4 55.3 56.3 57.2 58.2 59.1 60.1 61 62 62.9 63.9 #TrunksErlangs #TrunksErlangs #TrunksErlangs 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 64.9 65.8 66.8 67.7 68.7 69.6 70.6 71.6 72.5 73.5 74.5 75.4 76.4 77.3 78.3 79.3 80.2 81.2 82.2 83.1 84.1 85.1 86 87 88 100 102 104 106 108 110 112 114 116 118 120 122 124 126 128 130 132 134 136 138 140 142 144 146 148 88 89.9 91.9 93.8 95.7 97.7 99.6 101.6 103.5 105.5 107.4 109.4 111.3 113.3 115.2 117.2 119.1 121.1 123.1 125 127 128.9 130.9 132.9 134.8 150 152 154 156 158 160 162 164 166 168 170 172 174 176 178 180 182 184 186 188 190 192 194 196 198 136.8 138.8 140.7 142.7 144.7 146.6 148.6 150.6 152.6 154.5 156.5 158.5 160.4 162.4 164.4 166.4 168.3 170.3 172.4 174.3 176.3 178.2 180.2 182.2 184.2 #TrunksErlangs 200 202 204 206 208 210 212 214 216 218 220 222 224 226 228 230 232 234 236 238 240 242 244 246 248 186.2 188.1 190.1 192.1 194.1 196.1 198.1 200 202 204 206 208 210 212 213.9 215.9 217.9 219.9 221.9 223.9 225.9 227.9 229.9 231.8 233.8 #TrunksErlangs 250 300 350 400 450 500 600 700 800 900 1000 1100 235.8 285.7 335.7 385.9 436.1 486.4 587.2 688.2 789.3 890.6 999.1 1093

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The number of control channels

Suppose SDCCH average process time is 3s updating process is 9s,BHCA=2 Location

The traffic of SDCCH per subscriber is: (32 + 9) / 3600 = 0.0042 Erlang 4SDCCH call loss=2% can support 1.092Erlang (1.092 / 0.0042 = 260sub) 0.025 Erlang = 6.5Erlang look up in Erlang-B call loss=2% 6.5Erlang need 12TCH(2TRX) 8SDCCH call loss=2% can support 3.627Erlang (3.627 / 0.0042 = 863sub) 0.025 Erlang = 21.6Erlang Look up in Erlang-B call loss=2% 21.6Erlang need 30 TCH(4TRX)

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Allocation of TCH and CCH

Suppose: Busy hour traffic is 0.025Erl/per subscriber call loss rate is 2%
TRX 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 CH 8 16 24 32 40 48 56 64 CCH 1 2 2 2 3 3 4 4 TRAFFIC 7 14 22 30 37 45 52 60 2.94 8.20 14.90 22 28.25 35.61 42 .12 49.64

TCH

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Traffic forecast and capacity planning

Steps
Subscriber prediction Traffic density forecast Channel configuration Site type and number

Based On
a b c d Traffic and traffic density GOS Available number of TCH/CCH Available frequency band and frequency reuse pattern

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Subscriber Forecast Near term: 1-2years Long term: 3-5years

Growth trend forecast method Population penetration method Growth curve method Conic method

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Growth trend forecast

3000
2500

2500
2000

2000
1500

1500
1000 500 ( )

1000 500
0

199 199 199 199 199 199 199 199 199 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

(

0
)

( ) 1.53 4.75 17.7 63.8 157 363 685 1364 2496

19 19 90 91 1.5 4.8

19 92 18

19 93 64

19 19 19 19 19 94 95 96 97 98 157 363 685 136 249

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Growth curve forecast

300 250 200 150 100 50 0 300 250 200 150 100 50 0

1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 160 272 261 146 132 89 99 83

1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998

(%) 0

(%) 160 272 261 146 132 89 99 83

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Population penetration method

9
10000 8000 6000 4000 2000 0

8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
199 199 199 199 199 200 200 200 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 363 685 136 249 343 505 701 921 4 6 2 3 6 9

0 1995 19961997 1998 19992000 20012002 % 0.3 0.571.14 2.08 2.643.89 5.4 7.69

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Traffic density forecast method

Linear forecast Linear forecast combined with manual adjustment (population, income, vehicle)

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Base station capacity planning

1. The number of BTS (Traffic limited) i. Estimate the largest possible capacity (Erl) of each base station according to the frequency multiplex mode to be used. ii. Minimum number of BTS =The total traffic / The largest capacity of each BTS. 2. The number of BTS (Coverage limited) Maximum number of BTS=The area size / The (estimated) minimum coverage of a BTS.

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Base station capacity planning

3 Estimate the BTS cell capacity I. Estimate the cell coverage area. Multiply the BTS cell coverage by the traffic density concerned, then you can get the present traffic of the cell. II. Query the ErlangB table according to the traffic and specified call loss index, you can get the number of voice channels needed by the BTS cell. III. Add up the voice channels and the control channels that should be configured, then divide the number by 8, you can get the number of carrier frequencies of the BS and the cell.

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LA Planning
PLMN MSC
CELL CELL

MSC
CELL CELL

LA
CELL CELL CELL

LA
CELL

CELL

CELL

CELL

CELL

LA
CELL CELL CELL

LA
CELL

messages are paged based on LA. One LA may contain one or more BSCs, but it belongs to only one MSC. One BSC or MSC can contain multiple LAs. From the perspective of reducing frequent location update and saving channel resources, large LA size is recommended. The reason is that more location updates enlarges the SDCCH load, reduce channel resources, and add the load of MSC and HLR.

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LA Planning
Minimize the Location Update numbers on condition that there is no overload on PCH Paging load decide the maximum size of LA Location Update Load decide the minimum size of LA
In addition, a cell update takes about 10 s and during the update, an MS cannot make or receive calls. However, if the LA is so large that paging capacity cannot match, the paging signaling load is excessive, which causes missing paging messages and lowers the paging success rate. Also, low paging success rate make users call again and thus the paging load is increased and the success rate is further reduced. Therefore, the LA cannot be set to a too large value.

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LA Planning

LA should not be too big or too small LA:300-600TRX Plan LA on geographical situation and subscriber behaviors

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Determining LA Edges

1. Determine the edges away from high traffic districts. 2. Set the LA edge to be athwart to the road

3. Avoid setting the edges of several location areas at the same small area. 4. When determining LA edges, consider the growth trend of traffic. Based on the design of paging capacity and traffic capacity, the expansion margin should also be considered to avoid frequent LA division and splitting.
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