(Teori)
KKRA 2023
2 SKS/ 3 Jam per Minggu
Pendahuluan
1
ISI MATA KULIAH
Pengertian Umum Tata Udara
Psikrometrik
Kenyamanan Termal
Beban Pendinginan
MATERI PERKULIAHAN
Pertemuan 1
Pendahuluan
Pengenalan mata kuliah
Aturan main
Penjadwalan pemberian materi kuliah
Kebutuhan akan Tata Udara
Definisi dan Pengertian Tata Udara
Tata Udara Domestik
Tata Udara Sentral
MATERI PERKULIAHAN
Pertemuan ke 2 - 3
Klimatologi • Cuaca dan iklim
dan Radiasi • Pengaruh variasi surya terhadap iklim dan
Matahari cuaca
• Temperatur ambient
• Tekanan udara dan kecepatan angin
• Kelembaban udara atmosfer
• Pengembunan air pada udara atmosfer
• Sudut-sudut matahari
• Radiasi matahari langsung dan hambur
• Penyerapan, pemantulan dan pembiasan
radiasi matahari oleh bumi ke atmosfer
MATERI PERKULIAHAN
Pertemuan ke 4 - 6
Dasar • Udara atmosfer
Psikrometrik • Besaran Psikrometrik
• Diagram Psikrometrik
• Pemanasan dan pendinginan sensibel
udara
• Pendinginan dan pelembaban udara
• Pemanasan dan pelembaban udara
• Pemanasan dan pengeringan udara
• pendinginan dan pengeringan udara
• Pencampuran udara
MATERI PERKULIAHAN
Pertemuan ke 7 - 8
Kesehatan dan • Kenyamanan termal
Kenyamanan • Balance energi antara tubuh manusia
Udara
KEBUTUHAN TATA UDARA
Kondisi termal udara atmosfer ditunjukan dengan parameter
temperatur, kelembaban, kecepatan angin .
Temperatur dan kelembaban udara lingkungan (ambient) di
permukaan bumi di setiap tempat dan waktu tidak sama.
Kondisi termal udara atmosfer tergantung ke pada :
Tata Udara
Kebersihan
Distribusi
Kesegaran
Kecepatan
Ceiling-suspended
Floor-mounted
Ceiling cassette
Ceiling-concealed
Multi-split
PELETAKAN INDOOR UNIT
Window-unit
Digunakan untuk mendinginkan satu ruangan tunggal
sentrifugal-radial
Window Unit Air Conditioner
Split-unit
Unit dipisahkan menjadi 2 bagian : outdoor unit
(condensing unit) dan indoor unit (fan coil unit)
Condensing unit dipasang di luar ruangan
Evaporator/indoor unit atau fan coil unit dipasang di
dalam ruangan
Indoor unit dengan model peletakan di dinding, di lantai,
di langit-langit
Indoor unit terdiri atas unit tunggal atau multi
Kondenser dan kompresor dipasang dalam satu
wadah/casing dan dikenal sebagai outdoor unit atau
condensing unit
Split-unit
Split Unit Air Conditioner
CASSETTE
Indoor unit & outdoor unit
Multi Split Unit Air Conditioner
Split unit Komersial
Tata Udara Sentral
Tata udara sentral diaplikasikan pada gedung komersial
dengan banyak ruangan dan atau bertingkat banyak,
industri dll.
Udara diproses pada unit pengolah udara (FCU atau
AHU), disuplai ke ruangan dengan sistem saluran udara
dan masuk keruangan melalui outlet atau difusser
Mesin pendingin yang digunakan seperti Jenis split atau
packaged (Roof Top) dari Tata Udara Komersial atau
menggunakan unit Chiller berpendinginan air (4 °C) atau
udara.
TATA UDARA SENTRAL
Roof top Air conditioner dengan duct
Tata Udara Sentral
Unit Chiller berpendinginan air dengan Cooling
tower untuk mendinginkan air pendingin
Condenser, dan dihubungkan oleh sistem
pemipaan dan pompa
Unit cooler (Chiller) dan AHU dihubungkan juga
dengan sistem perpipaan dan pompa.
Pada sistem hidronik pada masing-masing ruangan
menggunakan Fan Coil unit, dan chilled water
dipasok oleh Chiller dengan menggunakan pompa
dan sistem pipa.
Air Handling Unit
Komponen Peralatan Tata Udara pada AHU
Tata udara sentral
Tata Udara Industri
Cooling & Humidifying
Pengkondisian udara pada rumah kaca
Pengkondisian udara pada daerah kering dan panas
History of Air Conditioning and Refrigeration
1820 Ice was first artificially made as an experiment.
1824 Michael Faraday discovered the principles for the
absorption type of refrigeration.
1834 Jacob Perkins invented the first artificial ice
manufacturing machine which led to our modern
compression systems.
1902 Willis Haviland Carrier invented the first air
conditioning to control the temperature and humidity of a
printing company, marking the first time effort taken to
control the temperature of the surroundings. This starts
the history of air conditioning.
History of Air Conditioning and Refrigeration
1906 Stuart W. Cramer come out with the term "Air
Conditioning." which was later adopted by Carrier.
1913 The first international refrigeration expo is held in
Chicago.
1928 The discovery of Freon refrigerant by Thomas Midgley,
Jr.
1930 The White House is air-conditioned. 6 The demand for
room air conditioners began to increase with more than
30,000 units produced on this year.
1953 Room air conditioners sale exceed 1 million units. This
is another key milestone in the history of air conditioner
History of Air Conditioning and Refrigeration
1953 The Refrigeration Equipment Manufacturers
Association and The Air-Conditioning and Refrigerating
Machinery Association are formed.
1957 The first rotary compressor was developed hence
making air conditioning units smaller and more efficient
compared to the reciprocating type.
1977 Heat Pumps equipment developed that allows cooling
and heating cycle using the same machine that can be used
to provide cooling during summer and heating during winter.
History of Air Conditioning and Refrigeration
1987 Montreal Protocol signed to protect the earth's ozone
layer is signed in Montreal, Canada. The Protocol
establishes international cooperation on the phase out of
ozone depleting substances, including the
chlorofluorocarbon(CFC) refrigerants used in HVAC
equipment.
1990 Microprocessor control systems are used in all areas of
refrigeration and air conditioning due to the readily available
semiconductor technology.
1992 The R-22 Alternative Refrigeration Evaluation Program
(AREP) starts to find alternative refrigerants to R-502 and R-
22.
History of Air Conditioning and Refrigeration
1995 Chloroflourocarbon (CFC) manufacturing in the USA
ends on December 31.
1997 Kyoto Protocol signed to protect the earth's climate
by reducing greenhouse gases that cause climate change.
1998 Unitary air conditioners and heat pumps set a sale
record of more than 6 million units.
2007 A State Council issued a circular to restrict the
temperature of air conditioning in public buildings to 26°C
(78°F) or higher during summer and 20°C (68°F) and
lower during winter. Sale of low efficiency air conditioning
units are also outlawed