PAPER NAME:STUDY OF DESIGN OF SINGLE PHASE INVERTER FOR SOLAR HOME LIGHTING SYSTEM

SHRIPAD KAMALAKAR KSHEERSAGAR ASHUTOSH W WERULKAR DR.P.S.KULKARNI Dept. of Electrical Engineering,VNIT,Nagpur

OUTLINE
y Introduction y Aims and Objectives y Standalone Solar Photovoltaic system y CIRCUIT DESIGN y Circuit Description y Applications y Conclusions and future scope y References

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AIMS AND OBJECTIVES

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y y y y
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The aims and objectives of the present work are as underTo develop a single phase inverter for solar home lighting system purchased for the Department of Electrical Engineering, VNIT, Nagpur. To verify the working of the inverter by connecting CFLs as load. To observe the output voltage waveform under various load conditions. To find the efficiency of the inverter and plot the output vs efficiency curve. To find the Total Harmonic Distortion (THD) of the July 11 proposed inverter.

Motivation
Emerging Renewable Energy Technology Keeping in view power crises in the India, everyone is keen to adopt it. Nagpur is going to be solar city in future. (MNRE) Immediate return and cost saving technology over life.(Life Cycle Cost Saving) Easy to adopt with less efforts No INVERTER is purchased for Dept.Solar PV system.

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India s Energy Balance

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sun

The stand-alone Street Light system

CFL From The PV Panel To the load (CFL)

Charge controller

INVERTER

STORAGE BATTERY 12V

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SPV based Home lighting System (Electrical Engg. Dept.)

DC Fan Volts 12 V DC,14 W

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Rating of Solar Home Light System:1. 2.

Solar Photovoltaic Panel 12V,37Wp Battery:Low maintenance battery 12V,45 Ah Solar PV Charge Controller:-Max. charging current - 5 A -Max. Load current - 5A -Nominal voltage - 12 V -Fuse - 5A DC Fan:Volts 12 V DC,14 W Compact Florescent Lamps Volts 12 V DC,9 W, 2 No.s
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GENERAL DESCRIPTION OF INVERTER DESIGN

 Block diagram consists of solar panel, solar charge

controller, battery ,oscillator-cum-divider, driver, inverter transformer and power amplifier .  The battery is charged through the PV module through solar charge controller. Solar charge controller prevents over charging and deep discharging of battery.

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SOLAR PANEL

SOLAR CHARGE CONTROL LER

BATTERY

POWER SUPPLY

OSCILLATOR CUM DEVIDER

DRIVER CIRCUIT

POWER AMPLIFIER

INVERTER TRANSFORMER

LOAD
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DESIGN OF INVERTER

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EXPLANATION
 The battery is charged through solar module and is

connected to the circuit. The terminals of the battery should be connected properly.If the reverse situation occurs,LED1 glows to indicate the wrong polarity. (Refer Figure ).  If the switch S is closed, the LED3 glows to indicate power ON and 12 V d.c. reaches regulator IC 7805.The output of IC 7805 is fed to the oscillator-cum-divider.  For indication of low battery level, a dual operational amplifier IC LM358 has been used. Fixed reference voltage of 5.1V is applied to the positive input, while sensing voltage is applied to its negative input.
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CONTD.
 f=100 Hz is produced at pin 3 i.e. at pin 5 of IC 7473

which produces 50 Hz square wave output at pins 8 and 9 of IC 7473.  IC 7473 acts as a bistable multivibrator which only change the states when a trigger pulse is applied.  If flips to one state when triggered and flops to other state when it is triggered . IC 7473 acts as a J-K flipflop.

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A.DRIVER CIRCUIT
 One of the outputs of IC 7473 is coupled to the base

of T1 through diode D1 via series limiting resistance.  Another output at pin 9 is coupled to the base of T2 through diode D2 via other series limiting resistance.  The transistors T1 and T2 are acting as a MOSFET drivers. When T1 conducts T2 is in cut off and vice versa.

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B. POWER OUTPUT STAGE

 The collector of transistor T1 is connected to the

MOSFETs(F1 THROUGH F3)which are connected in parallel on a heat sink.  The collector of transistor T2 is connected to the MOSFETs(F4 THROUGH F6)which are connected in parallel on a heat sink. y When T1 conducts corresponding MOSFETs (F1 through F3)remains cut off while voltage of collector of T2 is at 5V.Hence current flows through half of the inverter transformer primary. y When T2 conducts corresponding MOSFETs (F4 through F6)remains cut off while voltage of collector of T1 is at 5V.Hence current flows through half of the inverter transformer primary.

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C. POWER AMPLIFER
 The power amplifier consists of two set of

MOSFETs connected in parallel for high current operation of inverter.

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RESULTS
 Output at pin 3 of LM555= 5V peak to peak,f=100Hz.  Output at pin 8 of IC 7473=5V,f=50Hz  Output at pin 9 of IC 7473=5V,f=50Hz

y Output at the collector of T1=5V,f=50 Hz y Output at the collector of T2=5V,f=50 Hz

 Output across the secondary side of transformer

Vrms=240 V,f=50 Hz

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Voltage at pin no.3 of LM555

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Voltage Waveform at Pin 8 of IC7473

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Voltage Waveform at Pin 9 of IC7473

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Modeling and Simulation of Sine Wave Inverter using Pspice Software:-

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For Load of 34W(5W+11W+18W CFLs) Figure -Output voltage of Sine wave inverter with a load of 34W

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Figure :-Time response of RMS value of the output voltage of the inverter

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Figure :- Instantaneous Output current

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Figure :-Time response of RMS Output current

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Figure :- Output power of the inverter

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PLOT OF P Vs EFFICIENCY

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PLOT OF P Vs EFFICIENCY(From Readings)

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CONCLUSIONS
 The efficiency of the inverter is calculated by

considering different loads.The efficiency of the inverter is calculated by = Pac / Pdc The efficiency of the circuit varies between 75% to 88 %.  The loads used are CFL and Bulb.  The respective table shows the variation of terminal voltage and efficiency under different loads.  The THD (Total Harmonic Distortion) is calculated by using the formula
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CONTD.
 The THD (Total Harmonic Distortion) is calculated by

using the formula

g

n!2

Vn V1

The averageTHD IS 45%.  b)The filter is recommended at the output of transformer .

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FUTURE SCOPE
y The results obtained in the project should be

verified by proper designing of the transformer. y The inverter should be designed with DC-DC Converter as a charge regulator.

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REFERENCES
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S.P.Sukhatme and J.K.Nayak Solar Energy-Principles of Thermal Collection and Storage.TMH, 3rd Edition,2008 Gilbert M.Masters, Stanford University Renewable and Efficient Electric power System. John Wiley and Sons Ltd. ,3rd Edition.,2004 Chetan Singh Solanki Solar Photovoltaics Fundamentals, Technologies and Applications,PHI Learning Private Limited,New Delhi,2009. M.H.Rashid Power Electronics Handbook,Academic Press,pp 539-573. Tomas Markwart,Ed. Solar Electricity John Wiley and Sons Ltd. 2nd Edition,2004 Roger Messenger and Jerry Ventre Photovoltaic Systems Engineering CRC Press.,1999 Luis Castaner and Santiago Silvestre,Modelling of Photovoltaic Systems using Pspice.John Willey and Sons, Ltd.,2002 Mohan,Undeland and Robbins Power Electronics.John wiley and Sons Enhanced 3rd Edition.

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REFERENCES
Publication on Standalone Photovoltaic Systems:y

R. M. Moharil and P. S. Kulkarni, A case study of Solar Photovoltaic Power System at Sagardeep Island, India, International Journal Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews (Elseveir Publication), Vol. 13, 2009, pp. 673681. Soib Taib,Yusmin Sutanto and Abd Rahim Abd Razak,Development of simple PWM inverter using photovoltaic cells,2002 student conference on Research and Development Proceedings,Shah alam,Malaysia.,pp.297300. A Ali Qazalbash,Awais Amin,Abdual Manan & Mahveen Kalid,Design and implementation of microcontroller based PWM technique for sine wave inverter,IEEE Conference POWERENG 2009,pp. 163-167. S R Narayana Prakash,B S R Iyengar ,A new sinewavv inverter with high frequency link and synchronous rectification using power MOSFETs,Power electronics specialists conference,1990,PESC 90 Record,21 st annual IEEE,pp.923-928. www.efymag.com
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Any Questions are most welcome

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