ENERGI
FoodComposition
1 g Karbohidrat = 4 kkal
1 g Protein = 4 kkal
1 g Lemak = 9 kkal
1 g Alkohol = 7 kkal
ASUPAN MAKANAN
Faktor yang mempengaruhi seseorang
untuk makan adalah :
Rasa lapar (hunger)
Respon fisiologis yg membutuhkan
makanan dimulai oleh adanya zat-zat
penghantar yg merangsang Hipotalamus.
Dipengaruhi oleh :
Ukuran & komposisi makanan
sebelumnya
Iklim
Olahraga
Hormon
Penyakit
Pola makan
Nafsu/selera makan (appetite)
Rasa kenyang (satiety)
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Emosi
FAKTOR YANG MEMPENGARUHI RASA
LAPAR & SELERA MAKAN
Appetite
The integrated response to the
sight,smell,thought, or taste of food
that initiates or delays eating
Satiation
The feeling of satisfaction and
fullness that occurs during a meal
and halts eating. Satiation
determines how much food is
consumed during a meal
Satiety
The feeling of satisfaction that
occurs after a meal and inhibits
eating until the next meal. Satiety
determines how much time passes
between meals.
ENERGI OUTPUT
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ENERGY EXPENDITURE
Energi untuk
metabolisme basal
( 60-65 %)
Energi untuk pencernaan
dan metabolisme
makanan ( 10%)
Energi untuk aktifitas
(tergantung aktifitas fisik
seseorang)
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BASAL METABOLISM
The
energy needed to maintain life when a body is at
complete rest after a 12- hour fast
- 4.676*Age
Cunningham equation (1991)
REE(kcal/day) = 370 + 21.6*FFM(kg)
REE(kcal/day) = 501.6 + 21.6*FFM(kg) (1980)
Sumber :FAO/WHO/USU
PHYSICAL ACTIVITY
Voluntary movement of
skeletal muscles
and support systems
The most variable
component of energy
expenditure
Energy is needed for
voluntary and
involuntary work
THERMIC EFFECTS OF FOOD (TEF)
2 factors:
Changes in mother’s
usual physical activity
Increase in basal
metabolism to support
the growth of the
fetus and the accesory
tissues
200 – 300 extra kcal
during the second and
third trimester of
pregnancy
IBU MENYUSUI
6 Bulan pertama →
1,13 x AMB Bayi or ≥700
kkal/hari
6 bulan kedua →
≥ 500 kkal/hari
Tahun Kedua→
≥ 400 kkal/hari
Soal :
Taksiran Energi sehari seorang
mahasiswa perempuan, berumur
18 th dgn BB 52 kg dan aktivitas
ringan juga sedang hamil 3 bulan.
KESEIMBANGAN ENERGI
E MASUK = E KELUAR
TB (m)2
CUTOFF POINT FOR BODY MASS INDEX
BMI (kg/m2) WHO classification Risk Of Morbidities
of obesity
Kategori IMT
(kg/m2)
Kurus Kekurangan BB tingkat berat < 17,0
Hipertensi
Dislipidemia
Diabetes
Kanker
Osteoartritis
Pengaturan Diet
Pengaturan Jenis
makanan dan jumlah
makanan
Pengaturan aktivitas fisik
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