Organizationculturerepresentsacomplexsetofbeliefs, expectations,ideas,values,attitudes,sharedbythemembersofan organizationthatevolveovertime. Organizationcultureincludes: Routinewaysofcommunicating,suchasorganizationalrituals andceremoniesandthelanguagecommonlyused. Thenormssharedbytheindividualsandteamsthroughoutthe organization.(e.g.noreserveparking) Thedominantvalueheldbytheorganization(productquality) Thephilosophyofthemanagement. Therulesofthegameforgettingalongintheorganization. Thefeelingorclimateconveyed.(e.g.physicallayout,interactions etc.)
LayersofOrganisationCulture
CulturalSymbolsarewords,gesturesandpictureorotherphysical objectsthatcarryaparticularmeaningwithinaculture.
SharedAssumptionsrepresentbasicbeliefsaboutreality,human nature,andthewaythingsshouldbedone.
FormingaCulture
Anorganisationalcultureformsinresponseto twomajorchallengesthatconfrontevery organisation.Theyare: vExternaladaptationandsurvival vInternalIntegration
FormingaCulture InternalIntegration Internalintegrationinvolvesaddressingthefollowingissues: Languageandconcepts:Identifyingmethodsofcommunicationand developingasharedmeaningforimportantconcepts. Groupandteamboundaries:Establishingcriteriaformembershipin groupsandteams. Powerandstatus:determiningtherulesofacquiring,maintainingand loosepowerandstatus. rewardsandpunishments:developingsystemsforencouragingdesirable behaviouranddiscouragingundesirablebehaviour.
ethodofMaintainingOrganisationalCulture
MethodsofMaintainingOrganizationalCulture: Whatmanagersandteampayattentionto Reactionstoorganizationalcrises Managerialrolemodeling Criteriaforrewards Criteriaforselectionandpromotion Organizationalrites,ceremonies,stories
Organizational Culture
TypesofOrganisationCulture
BureaucraticCulture ClanCulture EntrepreneurialCulture MarketCulture
BureaucraticCulture
Anorganisationthatvaluesformality,rules,standardoperating procedures,andhierarchicalcoordinationhasabureaucraticculture. concernsofabureaucraticcultureare: predictability efficiencyand stability Mangersviewtheirroleasbeingcoordinatorsandenforceswrittenrules andstandards. Tasks,responsibilities,andauthorityareclearlydefined. Employeesbelievethattheygobythebookasrulesandprocessare clearlydefinedinthemanual..
ClanCulture
Tradition,Loyalty,personalcommitmentextensivesocialization,teamwork, selfmanagement,andsocialinfluenceareattributesofclanculture. Itsmemberrecogniseanobligationbeyondthesimpleexchangeoflabourfor asalary.Theyunderstandthatcontributiontotheorganisationmayexceed anycontractualagreement.Longtermsecurityisgiventotheemployeein exchangeofhisloyalty. Aclancultureachievesunitythroughsocialisationprocess.Theserveasa mentorsandrolemodelsofitsnewmembers. Theyhaveprideinmembershipandstrongsenseofidentificationand recognisetheircommonfateintheorganisation. Aclanculturegeneratesfeelingsofpersonalownershipofabusiness,a productoranidea.
EntrepreneurialCulture
ThecharacteristicsofEntrepreneurialcultureare: highlevelrisktaking dynamism creativity experimentation innovation Thisculturedonotreacttochangesintheenvironmentitcreatschange. Theyaremostlysmalltomidsizedcompanies.
MarketCulture
Itscharacteristicsare: achievementofmeasurableanddemandinggoals harddrivingcompetitiveness Profitorientation Inthisculturerelationbetweenindividualandorganisationis contractual. Theindividualisresponsibleforsomelevelofperformance. Organisationpromisessomelevelofawardinreturn. Thereisnopromiseofsecurity Interactionbetweensuperiorandsubordinatesarelargelyonnegotiating performanceandrewardagreements. Itisoftentiedtomonthly,quarterlyannualperformancegoalbased profits.
FrameworkofTypesofCultures
Flexible
FormalControlOrientation
CLAN CULTURE
ENTREPRENEURIAL CULTURE
BUREAUCRATIC CULTURE
MARKET CULTURE
FormsofAttention