THEME

What is important from the point of view of fire safety is how one interprets these properties. Thorough knowledge is essential to understand such properties, and their practical implications. In view of the large number of flammable/explosive chemicals being handled and used by a wide spectrum of industries, this knowledge is a basic safety requirement today.
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WHAT IS FIRE
A FIRE is voluntarily advancing process: combustion of one or more inflammable materials & releasing energy Fire is a chemical reaction between oxygen and carbon (or even hydrogen and carbon) in which heat and light energies are also released. combination which may be defined as a chemical reaction of rapid oxidation accompanied with evolution of light & heat. FUEL + HEAT ENERGY + OXYGEN/ AIR = FIRE
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FIRE TRIANGLE
CHEMISTRY OF FIRE

THREE BASIC ELEMENTS - PRODUCTING FIRE: Presence of FUEL VAPOUR Presence of OXYGEN Presence of HEAT/ SOURCE OF IGNITION THIS COMBINATION CAUSING COMBUSTION IS REFERRED AS FIRE TRIANGLE AND ILLUSTRATED IN ADJOINING FIGURE.

FIRE TRIANGLE

AIR/OXYGEN

FUEL

IGNITION SOURCE / TEMPERATURE /HEAT

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HOW TO EXTINGUISH A FIRE

There are three fire extinguishing methods :

Starvation

:- by removing fuel from fire.

- By cutting of fuel supply [ Most effective for gas fire ] Smothering :- blanketing of fuel by coating material, - by inserting of gas, steam/vaporizing liquid Cooling : -natural cooling ( water spray is the most commonly used) [ effective for oxidizing chemicals, tank fires, etc.,] Breaking chain reaction fourth method
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CLASSIFICATION OF FIRE

Class A Fires. Fires in ordinary combustible materials, such as wood, cloth, paper, rubber, and many plastics. Class B Fires. Fires in flammable liquids, combustible liquids, petroleum greases, oils, oil-based paints, solvents, and flammable gases.

 Class C Fires.

Class D Fires.

Fires that involve GAS & energized electrical equipment where the electrical non conductivity of the extinguishing media is of importance. (When electrical equipment is de-energized, fire extinguishers for Class A or Class B fires can be used safely.) Fires in combustible metals, such as magnesium, titanium, sodium, and potassium.

Classes of Fires

Classes of Fires

CLASSIFICATION OF FIRES
Classification Coding W aterial , , , ..

&

SUITABLE FIRE EXTINGUISHERS

xtinguisher to be used

W A F

F &

, CO2, DCP

F G EE

& F

CO2 & DCP

M (M . N )

DCP
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FIRE EXTINGUISHER
Types of Fire Extinguisher: 1) DCP Extinguisher
DCP Extinguisher is of 5 kg & 10 kg capacity gas cartridge type, and of 25 & 50 kg capacity trolley mounted type. This type of Extinguisher is suitable for Class B,C &D DCP Extinguisher contains sodium bi carbonate as extinguisher media. (white colour) Duration time is around 1 min.
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FIRE EXTINGUISHER
2) C02 Extinguisher
CO2 Extinguisher is of 2.0 kg, 4.5 kg & 9 kg capacity and of 22.5 kg capacity trolley mounted type. This type of Extinguisher is suitable for Class B&C CO2 Extinguisher contains Carbon Di-oxide as extinguisher media. Duration time is around 25 to 60 sec..
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FIRE EXTINGUISHER
3) ABC Extinguisher Generally available in 5Kg
This type of Extinguisher is suitable for Class A, B & C Nitrogen Gas is filled at 15 kg/cm2 pressure on Light Yellow DCP. Duration time is around 45 to 60 sec..
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FIRE EXTINGUISHER
4) Mechanical Foam Type Generally available in 9 lit & 50 lit
This type of Extinguisher is suitable for Class B. Synthetic Foam is filled in it.

CO2 Gas Cartridge is fitted for operation.

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HOW TO USE FIRE EXTINGUISHER

Pull the pin

This will allow you to squeeze the handle in order to discharge the extinguisher

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HOW TO USE FIRE EXTINGUISHER

Aim at the ase of

the fire
Aiming at the middle will do no good. The agent will pass through the flames.
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HOW TO USE FIRE EXTINGUISHER

Squeeze the
handle
This will release the pressurized extinguishing agent

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HOW TO USE FIRE EXTINGUISHER

Sweep side to side

Cover the entire area that is on fire. Continue until fire is extinguished. Keep an eye on the area for re-lighting.
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KEY POINTS
FLASH POINT

Flash point is the minimum temperature at which sufficient vapor given a momentary flash in presence of air AUTO IGNITION TEMPERATURE: It the lowest temperature at which material begins to burn with out heat in presence of air

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Fire Hazards at our Plant

FO Storage Tank elting Furnace & olten Welding Operation Gas Cutting Operation Short-Circuits iesel rums Oil Spillage L G Cylinder etal

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Fire protection & prevention

We have total 123 Fire Extinguishers Water / CO2 Type (9 lit) : 02 : 04 : 03 : 06 : 27 : 73 : 04 : 04
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Mechanical Foam Type (9 lit) Mechanical Foam Type(50 lit) CO2 Type (2 Kg) CO2 Type (4.5 Kg) DCP Type (5 Kg) DCP Type (10 Kg) ABC Type (5 Kg)

Precaution at the time of Fire Fighting

Extinguishing agent eliminates one of the vital elements of the fire any types of extinguishers available Know location of extinguishers Alarm has been sounded Building has been evacuated Fire is small and confined You can fight the fire with your back toward an escape route The extinguisher matches the fire type The extinguisher works effectively You are properly trained in the use of the extinguisher You are confident you can put the fire out
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Personal hazards
Smoke and noxious fumes Smoke and fumes cause unconsciousness eath may result

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