Mobile information systems week 1 session HISTORY OF MOBILE, mobile trends

Hema Venkataraman

Topics
Introduction Cellular Concepts Example of a cellular network mobile phone network Generations of Networks 1G : Cellular Networks 2G: Digital Networks 3G: High Speed IP data networks and mobile broadband 4G: All-IP Networks Evolution of Mobile Devices Future of Mobile Devices Mobile Trends Course Outline Assignments for the week References

Introduction
The evolution of mobile networks, the devices that run on them, and the services we use every day have evolved at an amazing rate, from the early phones that looked more like World War II field radios to the ultra-sleek fashion statements of today. We will discuss the evolution of the mobile medium from the technology and devices perspective.

Cellular Network - Concepts Radio network distributed over land areas called cells. Each cell is served by at least one fixed-location transceiver called as base station or cell-site. Advantages

Increased Capacity Reduced Power usage Larger coverage area Reduced interference from other signals

Example of a cellular network: the mobile phone network

Common example of a cellular network is a mobile phone network.

A mobile phone is a portable telephone which receives or makes calls through a cellsite (base station) or transmitting tower. Cell-sites and handsets change frequency under computer control and use low power transmitters so that a limited number of radio frequencies can be simultaneously used by many callers with less interference.

GSM Network Architecture

Generations of Cellular Networks

1G Network

Use of multiple cell sites Ability to transfer calls from one site to the next as the user travelled between cells during a conversation. First commercially automated network in Japan by NTT in 1979 followed by Nordic Mobile Telephone (NMT) (1981) this was the first phone to feature international roaming followed by Motorola DynaTAC in 1983. The technology in these early networks was pushed to the limit to accommodate increasing usage.

Analog Motorola DynaTAC 8000X Advanced Mobile Phone System

Generations of Cellular Networks

2G, 2.5G and 2.75G networks Digital

New variant of communication called SMS or text messaging. Introduced the ability to access media content in mobile phones Ringtones, Advertising, SMS news headline service Mobile payments were trialled Full internet service on mobile phones in 1999.

In 1990, the second generation (2G) mobile phone systems emerged primarily using the GSM standard. Used digital instead of analog transmission Fast out-of-band phone to network signaling. Advent of prepaid mobile phones. Trend away from larger brick phones toward tiny 100-200g hand-held devices.

Generation of Networks
3G Networks High Speed IP data networks and mobile broadband. Use of packet switching rather than circuit switching for data transmission. Standardization process focused more on requirements than technology High connection speeds of 3G technology enabled for the first time media streaming of radio content to 3G handsets HSDPA got implemented which allows network based on UMTS to have higher data transfer speeds and capacity 1;8 14 Mbit/s. Also HSPA+ got introduced 42 Mbit/s 84 Mbit/s with release 9 of 3GPP standards. Devices that were introduced due to widespread availability of good quality 3G coverage

Dongles Compact wireless router (Novatel MiFi) Netbooks with 3G capability E-Readers (Amazon Kindle and B& N Nook) IPad, Xoom, Galaxy Tab

Generation of Networks
4G Networks All-IP Networks

Speed improvements up to 10-fold over existing 3G technologies WIMax and LTE are the two technologies billed as 4G Elimination of circuit switching instead employing an all-IP network. Treatment of voice calls just like any other type of streaming audio media, utilizing packet switching over internet, LAN and WAN networks via VOIP.

Evolution of Phone Devices

Mobile phones hit the market, and now we are at a stage when we simply cannot imagine life without one of those gadgets. Started off as a voice only device with limited SMS services now developed into smart phones that are on their way to become the primary computing device for the majority of people. 1G Phones Phones with analog voice 2G Phones Phones with digital voice, SMS Services and limited internet connectivity 3G Phones Phones with improved voice and broadband internet capabilities 4G Phones Offer high data speeds and are in the process of achieving long term evolution in mobile phones.

Future of Mobile Phones

Lay in more user interface, bigger and flexible displays and in the development of phone batteries. Will be capable of recognizing the hand gestures of the user to function accordingly no need to touch the mobile screen as it is today. Develop flexible screens so that they can be rolled down to fit in ones pocket. A day will come when all our cash, business transactions and everything else needed by the user will be put into a small digital box that can fit in our pockets.

Mobile Trends

About the Course on Mobile Information Systems

Weeks Week 1 Theme Mobile Applications Landscape and History Mobile Application Areas Mobile Ecosystem Mobile Strategy and Mobile Application Types Mobile Information Architecture Mobile Design Labs/Discussion Discussion

Week 2 Week 3 Week 4

Discussion Discussion Discussion

Week 5 Week 6

Discussion Design a Mobile Web Application screens for different

Week 7

Designing and Developing Mobile Web Application Designing and Development of Mobile Web Apps using JQuery Design and Development of Mobile Native Application

Designing a Live News Website with HTML5 & CSS3 Design and Develop Photo Gallery using JQuery

Week 8

Week 9

Trying out a native mobile app (ios or Android) using typical features such as Geolocation, Accelerometers, Local Notifications

Week 10

Distributed Architecture for Mobile Mobile on Cloud Discuss about Mobile Cloud Deployment : 7 Steps to Mobile Success Best practices around Salesforce in Cloud Computing http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3kvI7hYrV8k Integrate with various social networking apps API in a mobile app? Look at some of the security tools available and get a feel of how mobile security can be achieved. http://mobile-security-softwarereview.toptenreviews.com/ Try performance analysis for the project application that is created.

Week 11

Week 12

Mobile and Social Networking

Week 13

Mobile Security

Week 14

Mobile Performance

Week 15

Mini Project

Assignments for the week (group-wise)

3G in India? Research on WiMax Vs LTE Research on NFC = Near Field Communication Research on UMTS/HSPDA/HSPA+

References
Distributed work management: an application area for mobile computing Advertising Application Area http://www.mmaglobal.com/mobileapplications.pdf GIS - http://www.esri.com/software/arcgis/graphics/mobile-application-areas.pdf http://pooledcampus.blogspot.com/2011/01/according-to-some-industry-forecasts.html http://www.gomogi.com/en/digiterra/application-areas.html Mobile Applications in Health Care - a Regional Perspective VisionMobile :: Developer Economics 2011 http://www.slideshare.net/CinsightsTrends/20-key-mobile-trends-201011 http://www.scribd.com/doc/48586092/KPCB-Top-10-Mobile-Trends http://www.nfc-forum.org/resources/white_papers/NFC_Forum_Mobile_NFC_Ecosystem_White_Paper.pdf http://www.telecomcircle.com/2009/07/open-mobile-ecosystem/ http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_mobile_phones#First_generation:_Cellular_networks http://mobiledesign.org/home http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cellular_network

Thank YOU!! Questions??

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