Evolution of Industrial Relations in India

Evolution of IR in India : 3 phases

y 1st phase Mid of 19th century till the end of world war 1 y 2nd phase After 1st phase till independence of India y 3rd phase After Independence of India

The 1st phase of Evolution :

y British government bent on imposing penalties and y y y y y y

restricting competition . Later half of 19th century legislative enactments passed. Rise of 1st world war led to socio-economic & political turmoil . Intense labour unrest as earnings did not meet the price rise. Election of representatives to central & provincial legislatures for giving rise to social enactments. 1919- International Labor Organization(ILO) was established. 1920- AITUC & several other trade unions emerged.

The 2nd phase of Evolution:

y Emphasis on improvement of working conditions. y Social security legislations y Trade Disputes Act, 1929 enacted which had provisions for the y y y y

settlement of disputes. Royal Commission on Labour (1929 1931)- conducted survey on labour problems in India. Govt. of India worked on legislations & on the objective of bringing all the interests together. Tripartite consultative system adopted. 1st tripartite labour conference held at New Delhi under the chairmanship of Dr. B.R Ambedkar & involved Indian labour conference & standing labour committee.

The 3rd & ongoing phase of Evolution:

y After Independence y Industrial Truce Resolution adopted in 1947 at a tripartite y y y y y y

conference. Emphasis on promotion of mutuality of interest between labour and capital, industrial peace & grant of fair deal to workers. Foundation of constitutions & labour policies were laid down. Emphasis on state intervention & industrial democracy. Many legislations enacted. LPG, globalization & its impact on IR. Current scenario.

Role of State, Trade unions, Employers association & I.L.O in Industrial Relations.

Role of State/Govt. in IR.

y Rationale of the state role : 1.

Concern for planned development & rapid economic growth, as envisaged in the successive five year plans. Fulfill requirements of a welfare state envisaged in the Indian Constitution, particularly the Directive Principles of State Policy and more importantly Articles 43 & 43A. The socio-economic imbalances in the society, depressed conditions of the working class as observed by the Royal Commission on Labour & the labour investigation committee.

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