Power Generation Business in Electricity Sector

Pre-NTPC Players
BBMB Nuclear Power Neyveli Lignite Badarpur TPS

Post NTPC
Amendment in Electricity Supply Act 1948, to include Generation Business Enabled new entities in Power Production, like NTPC, NHPC, NPC and a host of IPPs

Evolution of Bulk Electricity Tariff in India

Single Part Tariff:
Both Fixed Charges and Variable Charges realized in one part as energy charge.
Existed before NTPC Initially adopted for NTPC

Causes Over / Under charging

Distorts Economic Dispatch (Merit Order Operation) Resentment by customers Under drawal accrues monetary benefit to beneficiaries: Unhealthy competition to prevent / reduce drawals Rogue customers use capacity at no cost by returning energy when surplus

Need to change to avoid the above was felt.

Evolution of Bulk Electricity Tariff in India

Conventional Two Part Tariff:
Fixed Charges and Variable Charges computed separately
Fixed Charges compensate for the cost of capacity, including investment cost Variable Charges compensates for cost of energy

Fixed Charges booked against Maximum Demand (or Contracted Demand) in Rs/kW Variable Charges realized against energy consumed, in Rs/KWh Provides the correct market perception.

Evolution of Bulk Electricity Tariff in India

K P Rao Tariff (1992)
A pseudo Two Part Tariff
Fixed Charges and Variable Charges computed separately Both Fixed Charges and Variable Charges booked and realized in one part against energy drawn during the billing period.

Causes no Over / Under charging Promotes incorrect market perception

Continued to Distort Economic Dispatch Resentment by customers Under drawal accrues monetary benefit to beneficiaries: Unhealthy competition to prevent / reduce drawals Rogue customers use capacity at no cost by returning energy when surplus

Laid down fairly sound costing principles, still in vogue.

Evolution of Bulk Electricity Tariff in India

ECC (Energy Control Consultants, Fairfax, USA) Report:
GoI appointed ECC to study and recommend Bulk Power and Transmission Tariff for India as K P Rao tariff was soon resented by customers
Report submitted in 1994; Accepted by GoI in 1995 Implementation delayed till 2003, due to dispute on principles as well as structure

NTF & RTF (National and Regional Task Forces) debated implementation modalities of ECC recommendations
Several sub groups were formed, some recommendations of ECC were modified and final implementation was agreed by 1998-99.

Electricity Regulatory Commissions formed in 1998; tariff setting role transferred from Government of India to CERC
ABT order issued by CERC for ISGS, along with Inter-system exchange Tariff in 1999; stipulated mock trial to begin ABT finally implemented progressively from 2003

Evolution of Bulk Electricity Tariff in India

ABT as Implemented (Generation)
A true two part tariff with supplementary adjustment for Net Exchange deviations from schedule
Fixed cost recovered against Capacity made available; Full recovery at preset EAF Energy Charges recovered against requisitioned (scheduled, ex-bus) energy at normatively computed rates

Actual Energy Generation (AG, measured ex-bus) would be different from scheduled and the deviations positive or negative settled at a price linked to system sufficiency, in that time slice.
Time slice of 15 minutes each in use Average Frequency of operation in the time slice used as an index of system sufficiency Settlement through a pool account

Promotes better market perception

Encourages Economy in Dispatch Avoided cost of service by rogue beneficiary is prevented.

Evolution of Bulk Electricity Tariff in India

ABT as Implemented (Beneficiary)
A true two part tariff with supplementary adjustment for Net Exchange deviations from schedule
Fixed cost recovered from customers in proportion to capacity allocation Energy Charges recovered against requisitioned (scheduled, ex-bus) energy at normatively computed rates, on the respective drawal schedule

Actual Energy Generation (AG, measured ex-bus) would be different from scheduled and the deviations positive or negative settled at a price linked to system sufficiency, in that time slice.
Time slice of 15 minutes each in use Average Frequency of operation in the time slice used as an index of system sufficiency Settlement through a UI pool account

Promotes better market perception

Encourages Economy in Dispatch Avoided cost of service by rogue beneficiary is prevented.

Power Pools / Market Mechanism

Power Pools
What is a Power Pool? An Interconnected / Integrated Power System where, the resources of the participating utilities are pooled and advantages are shared
Regional Electricity Systems to operate as Loose Power Pools. In a loose Power Pool the individual Utility / Control Area dispatches its own sources: Ref: IEGC (Market Mechanism Option C of ECC report) Tight Power Pools are where the Pooled sources are centrally dispatched e.g. PJM in US (Market Mechanism Option A of ECC report

With unbundling of State Utility (SEB), IEGC stipulates that each state would be treated as a notional Control Area (i.e. UI transactions will be settled at the States periphery

WHAT IS AVAILABILITY BASED TARIFF ?

IT STANDS FOR A RATIONAL TARIFF STRUCTURE FOR POWER SUPPLY FROM GENERATING STATIONS ON A CONTRACTED BASIS.

WHY WAS ABT NECESSARY?

1. PRIOR TO ABT,REGIONAL GRIDS OPERATED IN A UNDISCIPLINED AND HAPHAZARD MANNER. THERE WERE LARGE DEVIATIONS IN FREQUENCY. 2. LOW FREQUENCY SITUATIONS RESULT WHEN THE TOTAL GENERATION AVAILABLE IN THE GRID IS LESS THAN THE TOTAL CONSUMER LOAD.THESE CAN BE CURTAILED BY ENHANCING GENERATION AND /OR CURTAILING CONSUMER LOAD

WHY WAS ABT NECESSARY?

3. HIGH FREQUENCY IS A RESULT OF INSUFFICIENT BACKING DOWN OF GENERATION WHEN THE TOTAL CONSUMER LOAD HAS FALLEN DURING OFF-PEAK HOURS

WHY WAS ABT NECESSARY?

4. EARLIER TARIFF MECHANISMS DID NOT PROVIDE ANY INCENTIVE FOR EITHER BACKING DOWN GENERATION DURING OFF PEAK HOURS OR FOR REDUCING CONSUMER LOAD / ENHANCING GENERATION DURING PEAK LOAD HOURS. 5. IT WAS PROFITABLE TO GO ON GENERATING AT A HIGH LEVEL EVEN WHEN THE CONSUMER DEMAND HAD COME DOWN. 6. THE EARLIER TARIFF MECHANISMS ENCOURAGED GRID INDISCIPLINE.

COMPONENTS OF ABT
1. CAPACITY CHARGE
2. 3. 4. 5.

ENERGY CHARGE UI CHARGE INCENTIVE TAXES & CESS

FIXED AND VARIABLE COSTS

FIXED COSTS ? C O S T VARIABLE COSTS ?

1. INTEREST ON LOAN. 2. RETURN ON EQUITY 3. DEPRECIATION 4. O&M EXPENSES. 5. INTEREST ON WORKING CAPITAL

VARIABLE COST IS FUEL COST i.e. COST OF GAS & NAPHTHA

PAYMENT OF FIXED COST

PAYMENT OF FIXED COST TO THE GENERATING COMPANY IS LINKED TO AVAILABILITY OF THE PLANT,THAT IS ITS CAPABILITY TO DELIVER MWs ON A DAY TO DAY BASIS.

THE ANNUAL AMOUNT PAYABLE DEPENDS ON THE AVERAGE AVAILABILTY OF THE PLANT OVER THE YEAR.

PAYMENT OF FIXED COST

FULL PAYMENT OF FIXED CHARGES AT 80% OR ABOVE NO PAYMENT OF FIXED CHARGES AT 0%. PRO- RATA PAYMENT FOR IN BETWEEN IN CASE AVAILABILITY IS LOWER THAN NORMATIVE THE GENERATING COMPANY GETS A LOWER PAYMENT. HENCE THE NAME AVAILABILITY TARIFF THIS COMPONENT OF ABT IS TERMED AS CAPACITY CHARGE

VARIABLE CHARGES
SECOND COMPONENT OF ABT AND IS ALSO CALLED AS ENERGY CHARGE. IT COMPRISES OF THE VARIABLE COST i.e FUEL COST OF THE POWER PLANT FOR GENERATING ENERGY AS PER GIVEN SCHEDULE FOR THE DAY. ENERGY CHARGE IS BASED ON SCHEDULE GENERATION AND NOT ON ACTUAL GENERATION

VARIABLE COST?
VARIABLE COST IS DECIDED AND PAYABLE AS PER SCHEDULE. TO TAKE CARE OF PRICE VARIATIONS IN FUEL WE HAVE FUEL PRICE ADJUSTMENT. NORMS FOR VARIABLE COST ARE :HEAT RATE OF 2075 KCAL/KWH APC OF 3%. OPEN CYCLE HEAT RATE OF 3010 KCAL/KWH APC OF 1% BEF

UI CHARGE
IN CASE OF POSITIVE DEVIATIONS FROM SCHEDULE THAT IS GENERATION HIGHER THAN SCHEDULE ENERGY CHARGE IS AS PER SCHEDULE EXCESS GENERATION GETS PAID FOR AT A RATE DEPENDENT ON THE GRID FREQUENCY PREVAILING. IF GRID FREQUENCY IS AT 50 HZ OR HIGHER THE RATES WOULD BE LOWER. IF GRID FREQUENCY IS AT BELOW 50 HZ THE RATES WOULD BE HIGHER. IN CASE OF UNDER GENERATION UI CHARGE WOULD BE NEGATIVE.

HOW DOES ABT WORK?

PROCESS STARTS: 1. CENTRAL GENERATING STATIONS DECLARE EXPECTED OUTPUT CAPABILITY IN 96 TIME BLOCKS OF 15 MINUTES DURATION EACH FOR THE NEXT DAY TO REGIONAL LOAD DESPATCH CENTRE.(RLDC) 2. RLDC BREAKS UP AND TABULATES AS PER BENEFICIARIES PLANT WISE SHARES AND CONVEYS ENTITLEMENTS TO STATE LOAD DESPATCH CENTRES.(SLDC)

HOW DOES ABT WORK?

3. SLDC CARRY OUT EXERCISE TO MEET THE LOAD OF THEIR CONSUMERS OVER THE DAY, FROM THEIR OWN GENERATING STATIONS ALONG WITH THEIR ENTITLEMENTS FROM CENTRAL GENERATING STATIONS. THEY ALSO TAKE INTO ACCOUNT IRRIGATION REQUIRMENTS AND LOAD SHEDDING. 4. SLDC CONVEYS TO RLDC THEIR SCHEDULE OF POWER DRAWL FROM THE CENTRAL GENERATING STATIONS.

HOW DOES ABT WORK?

5. RLDC AGGREGATES THE SCHEDULES BY SLDCs AND DETERMINES THE SCHEDULES FOR THE CENTRAL GENERATING STATIONS DULY INCORPORATING BILATERAL AGREEMENTS AND TRANSMISSION LOSSES. 6. RLDC CONVEYS THE SCHEDULE TO ALL CONCERNED AND BECOME THE OPERATIONAL AND COMMERCIAL DATUM.

HOW DOES ABT WORK?

7. IN CASE OF CONTINGENCY, CENTRAL GENERATING STATIONS CAN REVISE DECLARATION,BENEFICIARIES CAN REVISE REQUISITIONS AND SCHEDULES ARE REVISED ACCORDINGLY. 8. SCHEDULES ARE USED FOR DETERMINATION OF THE AMOUNT PAYABLE AS ENERGY CHARGES. 9. DEVIATIONS ARE MEASURED THROUGH SPECIAL METERING AND PRICED AS PER FREQUENCY. DC AT ANTA

ABT ADDRESSES GRID INDISCIPLINE

1. ABT GIVES INCENTIVES FOR ENHANCING OUTPUT CAPABILITY OF POWER PLANTS,IT ENABLES MORE CONSUMER LOAD TO BE MET DURING PEAK HOURS. 2. BACKING DOWN DURING OFF-PEAK HOURS NO LONGER RESULTS IN FINANCIAL LOSS TO GENERATING STATIONS AND THE EARLIER INCENTIVE FOR NOT BACKING DOWN IS NEUTRALISED. 3. THE SHARES OF BENEFICIARIES IN THE CENTRAL GENERATING STATIONS ACQUIRE A MEANING,WHICH WAS PREVIOUSLY MISSING.

DOES ABT BENEFIT EVERYONE?

1. ABT HAS DRAMATICALLY STREAMLINED THE OPERATION OF REGIONAL GRIDS IN INDIA. 2. THROUGH THE SYSTEM AND PROCEDURE IN PLACE, CONSTITUENTS SCHEDULES GET DETERMINED AS PER THEIR SHARES IN CENTRAL STATION AND THEY CLEARLY KNOW THE IMPLICATIONS OF DEVIATING FROM THESE SCHEDULES. 3. GRID PARAMETERS i.e. VOLTAGE AND FREQUENCY HAVE IMPROVED AND EQUIPMENT DAMAGE CORRESPONDINGLY REDUCED.

DOES ABT BENEFIT EVERYONE?

4. DURING PEAK LOAD HOURS FREQUENCY CAN BE IMPROVED ONLY BY REDUCING DRAWLS,AND NECESSARY INCENTIVES ARE PROVIDED IN THE MECHANISM FOR THE SAME. 5. HIGH FREQUENCY IS BEING CHECKED BY ENCOURAGING REDUCTION IN GENERATION DURING OFF-PEAK HOURS. 6. BECAUSE OF CLEAR SEPARATION BETWEEN FIXED AND VARIABLE CHARGES,GENERATION ACCORDING TO MERIT ORDER IS ENCOURAGED AND PIT HEAD STATIONS DO NOT HAVE TO BACK DOWN NORMALLY.

DOES ABT BENEFIT EVERYONE?

7. MECHANISM IS ESTABLISHED FOR HARNESSING CAPTIVE AND CO-GENERATION AND FOR BILATERAL TRADING BETWEEN THE CONSTITUENTS. 8. ABT BY REWARDING PLANT AVAILABILITY ENABLES MORE CONSUMER LOAD TO BE CATERED AT ANY POINT OF TIME.

DAILY SCHEDULING PROCESS

1. SUPPOSE A 1000 MW CENTRAL COAL FIRED POWER STATION HAS THREE BENEFICIARIESSTATES-A,B,C. 2. THE BENEFICIARY-STATES-HAVE ALLOCATED SHARE OF 30,30 & 40% RESPECTIVELY. 3. STATION FORESEES A CAPABILTY TO DELIVER 900 MW (EX-BUS) NEXT DAY AND ADVISES THE SAME TO RLDC BY 0900 AM.

DAILY SCHEDULING PROCESS

4. RLDC BREAKS UP THE CAPABILITY CONSTITUENT WISE AND ADVISES THE THREE SLDCS BY 10AM REGARDING ENTITLEMENTS OF 270,270 & 360 MW RESPECTIVELY. 5. SLDC RECEIVES AVAILABILTY STATUS FROM INTRA STATE STATIONS. CARRIES OUT EXERCISE TO MEET EXPECTED CUSTOMER DEMAND IN THE STATE FOR NEXT 24 HOURS AFTER COMPARING VARIABLE COSTS OF VARIOUS INTRA STATE POWER STATIONS WITH ENERGY CHARGE OF CENTRAL GENERATING STATIONS.

DAILY SCHEDULING PROCESS

6. AFTER THE EXERCISE SLDCs WILL ISSUE DISPATCH SCHEDULE FOR THE INTRA STATE STATIONS AND THEIR REQUISITION FROM CENTRAL STATIONS . 7. SUPPOSE STATES A & B FULLY REQUISITION THEIR SHARES FROM THE CENTRAL STATION UNDER CONSIDERATION (270 MW EACH WHILE STATE-C REQUISITIONS 360 MW DURING THE DAY TIME & 200 MW DURING NIGHT.

DAILY SCHEDULING PROCESS

8. SUMMATION OF THREE REQUISITIONS WOULD PRODUCE FOR THE CENTRAL STATION TOTAL DISPATCH SCHEDULE OF 900 MW DURING DAY & 740 MW DURING NIGHT. RLDC ISSUES SCHEDULE BY 5 PM & EFFECTIVE MIDNIGHT. STATES A,B & C SHALL PAY CAPACITY CHARGE CORRESPONDING TO PLANT AVAILABILITY OF 270,270&360 MW RESPECTIVELY.

9.

10. GENERATING STATION WOULD GET CAPACITY CHARGE CORRESPONDING TO 900 MW. ENERGY CHARGE PAYMENTS BY STATES WOULD BE FOR 270X24 MWH, 270X24 MWH & (200X24+160X16) MWH RESPECTIVELY AT THE RATE OF THE GENERATING STATION

DEVIATIONS FROM SCHEDULE?

THE ENERGY ACTUALLY SUPPLIED BY THE GENERATING STATION MAY DIFFER FROM SCHEDULE. IF ACTUAL ENERGY SUPPLIED WERE HIGHER THAN SCHEDULE THE STATION WOULD BE ENTITLED TO RECEIVE A PAYMENT FOR THE EXCESS ENERGY AT A RATE DEPENDENT ON FREQUENCY AT THAT TIME. IF ACTUAL ENERGY SUPPLIED WERE LOWER THAN SCHEDULE THE GENERATING STATION SHALL HAVE TO PAY BACK FOR THE ENERGY SHORTFALL AT THE SAME FREQUENCY LINKED RATE.

1100

DEVIATIONS FROM SCHEDULE FOR STATES?

IF ENERGY DRAWN BY THE STATE IS IN EXCESS OF THE SCHEDULE IT HAS TO PAY FOR THE EXCESS ENERGY AT THE SAME FREQUENCY DEPENDENT RATE .THE HIGH UI RATE DURING LOW FREQUENCY WOULD INDUCE ALL STATES TO REDUCE DRAWL FROM THE GRID. DURING LOW FREQUENCY IF A STATE DRAWS LESS POWER THAN SCHEDULED,IT PAYS FOR SCHEDULED ENERGY AT THE NORMAL RATE AND GETS PAID BACK FOR ENERGY NOT DRAWN AT A MUCH HIGHER UI RATE.

DEVIATIONS FROM SCHEDULE FOR STATES?

DURING HIGH FREQUENCY CONDITIONS, A STATE CAN DRAW EXTRA POWER AT A LOW RATE AND IS ENCOURAGED TO BACK DOWN ITS OWN COSTLIER GENERATING STATIONS. AN UNDER DRAWL DURING HIGH FREQUENCY CONDITIONS MEANS THAT THE STATE PAYS FOR THE SCHEDULED POWER QUANTUM UNNECESSARILY. IT SHOULD EITHER REDUCE ITS SCHEDULE OR INCREASE ITS DRAWL.
ALL UI PAYMENTS ARE MADE INTO AND FROM A REGIONAL UI POOL ACCOUNT,OPERATED BY THE CONCERNED RLDC.

TRADING OPPORTUNITIES WITHIN ABT?

IN CASE OF SCHEDULE LOWER THAN DC, OPTIONS AVAILABLE TO GENERATING STATION:1. BACK DOWN DURING OFF-PEAK HOURS. IN THIS CASE STATION GETS CAPACITY CAHRGE AS PER DC DECLARED AND ENERGY CHARGE AS PER SCHEDULE 2. FIND A BUYER FOR THE OFF PEAK SURPLUS AND GENERATE POWER ADDING THE MW AGREED BY THIS BUYERTO AGGREGATE SCHEDULE FOR STATES A,B,&C.

TRADING OPPORTUNITIES WITHIN ABT?

AS THE STATION IS ALREADY BEING PAID CAPACITY CHARGE FOR 900 MW IT MAY NOT BE TOO PARTICULAR ABOUT FURTHER FIXED COST RECOVERY. TRADING IS BENEFICIAL ON ACCOUNT OF :1. IF ENERGY SALE RATE AGREED UPON IS HIGHER THAN FUEL COST PER KWH. 2. TECHNICAL PROBLEMS ASSOCIATED WITH BACKING DOWN ARE REDUCED. 3. STATION EFFICIENCY IS IMPROVED. 4. STATION MAY LOOK FOR CUSTOMER PAYING HIGHEST RATE AND MAXIMIZE ITS PROFIT.

TRADING OPPORTUNITIES WITHIN ABT?

3. GENERATE UI: STATION MAY ACCEPT SCHEDULE GIVEN BY RLDC BUT GENERTAE TO ITS FULL CAPACITY OF 900 MW EVEN DURING PEAK HOURS. FOR OVERSUPPLY STATION GETS PAID UI FROM POOL ACCOUNT AS PER FREQUENCY LINKED RATE. IF FREQUENCY IS LOW THE STATION WOULD GAIN IF UI RATE IS HIGHER THAN FUEL COST PER KWH.

OPPORTUNITIES TO THE BENEFICIARY WITHIN ABT?

1. REQUISITION POWER ONLY AS PER ITS OWN REQUIREMENT AND DRAW POWER AS PER THE RESULTING SHEDULE. 2. REQUISITION FULL ENTITLEMENT FOR 24 HOURS ,FIND A BUYER FOR THE OFF-PEAK SURPLUS AND SCHEDULE A BILATERAL SALE. 3. REQUISITION FULL ENTITLEMENT FOR 24 HOURS, BUT DRAW POWER ONLY ACCORDING TO ITS ACTUAL REQUIREMENT. FOR THIS THE STATE WOULD GET UI PAYMENT. THE STATE HAS ONLY TO BE WATCHFULL THAT UI RATE REMAINS HIGHER THAN ENERGY CHARGE.

TARIFF POLICY 2009-14

Operating Norms


Target Availability (NAPAF) for recovery of fixed charges and incentive

  85% for all stations except Talcher TPS,Badarpur TPS- 82%

Auxiliary Power Consumption

   200 MW units: 9%; 500 MW units & above: 6.5%
o W/O CT: less 0.5%; with MDBFP: 2.5% extra

Talcher TPS- 10.5%; Tanda TPS- 12%; Badarpur TPS- 9.5% CCGT: 3.0%; Open-cycle: 1.0%

Specific Oil
 Specific Oil 1 ml and 50% of saving w.r.t actual to be shared with beneficiaries

Issues
Gas Station Availability has been made 85%. declared capacity or DC' has been defined as the capability to deliver ex-bus electricity in MW duly taking into account the availability of fuel or water, and subject to further qualification in the relevant regulation Earlier note that total DC will be sum of DC on gas and liquid fuel has been deleted Regulation also provides that in case of main fuel shortage, the generating company may propose to deliver a higher MW during peak-load hours by saving fuel during off-peak hours. The concerned Load Despatch Centre may then specify a pragmatic day-ahead schedule for the generating station to optimally utilize its MW and energy capability, in consultation with the beneficiaries. DC in such an event shall be taken to be equal to the maximum peak-hour ex-power plant MW schedule specified by the concerned Load Despatch Centre for that day
It may amount to peaking operation

In case of NTPC APM,RLNG, Liquid fuel are all main fuel since these are being procured with prior consent of beneficiaries Need for creating storage capacity at Anta and Auraiya Need for arranging coal for ER stations

Recovery of Fixed Charge -Incentive/ Disincentive

Fixed Charges (inclusive of incentive) payable on calendar month basis
For stations > 10 years = (AFC x NDM / NDY) x (PAFM / NAPAF) For stations <= 10 years = (AFC x NDM / NDY) x 0.5 (1.0 + PAFM / NAPAF)
Even if plant availability for a particular month is nil, station will recover 50% of fixed charge

Provided In case the plant availability factor achieved during a year < 70%, total fixed charge for the year shall be restricted to AFC x (0.5 + 35/ NAPAF) x (PAFY /70)
In case of shortage of main fuel; the generator may propose to deliver a higher MW during peak load hours by saving fuel during off peak hours. RLDC may then specify pragmatic day ahead schedule after consultation with beneficiaries. In all such cases, the maximum MW scheduled during peak hours shall be taken as the DC for the day.

Rate of incentive/ disincentve for stations > 10 years same as capacity charge and for others half the capacity charge rate

Computation of Energy Charge

Computation of Energy charges (EC)
EC covering primary fuel cost shall be payable for total ex-bus energy scheduled to be supplied to the beneficiary during the calendar month, at the specified energy charge rate. Energy charge rate (ECR) in Rs. per kWh on ex-power plant basis:
For coal or lignite fired based stations ECR = (GHR SFC x CVSF) x LPPF x 100 / {CVPF x (100 AUX)} ECR is arrived at after reducing GHR by heat from 1 ml secondary fuel Sharing of actual secondary oil consumption will be as per formula below (SFC x NAPAF x 24 x NDY x IC x 10 -ACsfoy) x LPSFy x 0.5 Need for re determination of ECR at the end of year based on actual sharing Actual secondary oil consumption should correspond to 85% generation or actual generation For gas or liquid fuel based stations ECR = GHR x LPPF x 100 / {CVPF x (100 AUX)}

Landed Cost of Coal

Price of coal corresponding to the grade and quality inclusive of royalty, taxes and duties applicable & transportation cost Considering normative transit and handling losses : Pit head stations : 0.2% ; Non-Pit head stations : 0.8%

FUELS BEING USED

TYPE SOURCE
ONGC GAS FROM MUMBAI HIGH, UNDER GOI ADMINISTERED PRICE. JV OF ONGC+RELIANCE+BRITISH GAS, PRESENTLY UNDER GOI ADMINISTERED PRICE.

APM PMT GAIL SPOTRLNG GSPCL-RLNG NAPHTHA

LIQUIFIED NATURAL GAS PURCHASED FROM SPOT MARKET BY GAIL. LIQUIFIED NATURAL GAS PURCHASED FROM SPOT MARKET BY GSPCL. LIQUID FUEL PURCHASED FROM MAJOR OIL COMPANIES & GAIL

DAILY DC DECLARATION AT ANTA

DAILY DC DECLARATION STARTS WITH THE FOLLOWING ASSUMPTIONS:GAS ALLOCATION SHALL BE SAME AS YESTERDAY. AMBIENT TEMPERATURE SHALL BE SAME AS YESTERDAY. OTHER LOSSES SHALL BE SAME AS PREVIOUS DAY. GCV OF GAS SHALL BE SAME AS PREVIOUS DAY. KNOWING THE GAS ALLOCATION AND AMBIENT TEMPERATURE, THE MAX EX-BUS CAPABILITY FOR THE NEXT DAY, BOTH ON GAS FUEL AND NAPHTHA FUEL SEPARATELY IS ESTIMATED FOR 96 TIME BLOCKS AND SENT TO RCC AT NCR-HQ FOR ONWARD TRANSMISSION TO RLDC AT 09:00 HRS. FOR ANY CHANGE IN THE ASSUMED CONDITIONS, REVISIONS IN DC ARE SENT AS PER ABT.

1. 2. 3. 4.

BREAK EVEN FREQUENCY

BREAK EVEN FREQUENCY ON ANY FUEL IS THE FREQUENCY AT WHICH;

VARIABLE CHARGE = UI CHARGE. PRESENT BREAK EVEN FREQUENCY : NATURAL GAS :HZ NAPHTHA :HZ