Evolution From 3G to 4G

and Beyond 5G

BY: Name: Sumit Singh Kalkandha Roll no. : 804169 Branch : ETC

OVERVIEW
o

Introduction

o What

is 1G and 2G o A slight view on 2.5G and 2.75G o Development of 3G o What is 3G o Technology associated o 4G o 5G o Conclusion
Fig.1

st 1
y

Generation mobiles.

Developed in 1980s and completed in early 1990s y 1G was old analog system and supported the 1st generation of analog cell phones speed up to 2.4kbps y Advance mobile phone system (AMPS) was first launched by the US and is a 1G mobile system y Allows users to make voice calls in 1 country

Fig. 2

nd 2
o o

Generation mobile
Fig. 3

o o o

Fielded in the late 1980s and finished in the late 1990s. Planned for voice transmission with digital signal and the speeds up to 64kbps. 2G was the digital handsets that we are used today, with data capabilities. 2G technology can be divided into TDMA and CDMA. Were built mainly for voice services and slow data transfer.

2.5G
Fig.4

o 2.5G

is a stepping stone between 2G and 3G cellular wireless technology. y 2.5G is the time when GPRS came in to existance. y 2.5G has a packet data rate up to 153.6kbps delivering an average user data a speed of 80-100kbps. y 2.5G can be used for WAP, SMS and MMS services as well as internet access.

2.75G
o GPRS

network evolved to EDGE networks. o 2.75G is an upgrade that provide a potential three fold increase in capacity of GSM/GPRS network. o 2.75G has a higher data rate up to 236.8kbit/s by switching to more sophisticated method of coding.

Development of 3rd Generation mobile

Fig.5

It is the third generation of mobile phone technology standard. o The first 3G network offered for commercial use was launched in Japan by NTT DoCoMo. The network had the brand name FOMA and was introduced in May 2001 on a W-CDMA technology pre-release. o The initial commercial launch of 3G was also done by NTT DoCoMo in Japan. This happened on October 1, 2001.
o

What is 3G??
Fig.6

o Third Generation Mobile Technology or

technically as IMT 2000. o Next generation of mobile systems designed to support high speed data transmission & IP based services. o Includes GSM, EDGE, UMTS & CDMA 2000.

What is 3G??(cont)
promises a bandwidth up to 384kbps for stationary device,128kbps in a car and 2Mbps in fixed application. o It offers faster connectivity, music entertainment with best quality and faster internet access. o Other benefits of it is easy video calling, video calls facility, clearer communication experience and a faster speed.
o It

What is 3G??(cont)
o We

can perform all the functions in a 3G phone as we would normally do with our current mobile device, only the speed efficiency and connectivity will better. o Using 2.5G a 3min video can be downloaded between 6-9min but 3G takes only 11-90sec. o And then the 3.5G technology which include HSDPA which is an upgrade for UMTS with speed ranging from 384kbps to 14.4 Mbps. o Which include feature like on demand video.

Technology Involved
beginning simplex was used in which walkie talkies were used to communicate. o They used only one communication frequency and known as SIMPLEX.
o In

Fig.7

o This

is not how mobile phone work , they allow simultaneous two way transfer of data known as Duplex.

Fig.8

o The

communication channel from the base station to the mobile device is called the downlink, and vice versa is called the uplink.

o 3G

works on asymmetric transmission. o As in symmetric the data in the downlink and the data in the uplink is transmitted at the same data rate. As in the case for voice transmission. o But in asymmetric more data will be sent from the server to the mobile device. As for Internet connection or broadcast data

Fig.9

o So

for asymmetric transmission we use TDD transmission. o As FDD is not suited because it use equal frequency band both for uplink and downlink. o Whereas TDD doesnt have this fixed structure and its flexible bandwidth allocation is well suited for asymmetric application. o For example- for Internet TDD can configure to provide 384kbps for the downlink and 64kbps for the uplink.

o The

3G network might be divided up in hierarchical fashion:  Macro cell- the area of largest coverage, e.g., an entire city.  Micro cell - the area of intermediate coverage, e.g., a city centre.  Pico cell - the area of smallest coverage, e.g., a "hot spot" in a hotel or airport

Fig.10

3G: Applications, Services and Market

Fig.11

ISSUES ON 3G WIRELESS SYSTEM

o o o

Fig.11

o o o o

High input fees for the 3G service licenses. Great differences in the licensing terms. Current high debt of many telecommunication companies, making it more of a challenge to build the necessary infrastructure for 3G. Health aspects of the effects of electromagnetic waves. Expense and bulk of 3G phone. Lack of coverage because it is still new service. High prices of 3G mobile services in some countries

3G in INDIA.
o o

India entered into 3G mobile arena. The first launch of 3G in India was by BSNL in 2008 at Bihar(Patna). Followed by MTNL. Nationwide auction of 3G taking place among private operators. By the auction the government has generated a revenue of Rs 1,06,000 corer

Fig.12

o o

Fig.13

th 4

Generation mobile

o4G refers to the fourth generation of cellular wireless standards. It is a successor to 3G and 2G families of standards.The nomenclature of the generations generally refers to a change in the fundamental nature of the service, non-backwards compatible transmission technology and new frequency bands. oA 4G system may upgrade existing communication networks and is expected to provide a comprehensive and secure IP based solution where facilities such as voice, data and streamed multimedia will be provided to users on an "Anytime, Anywhere" basis and at much higher data rates compared to previous generations. oFlexible channel bandwidth, between 5 and 20 MHz, optionally up to 40 MHz.
o4G will bring almost perfect real world wireless or called WWWW: World Wide Wireless Web

What lead to rise of 4G

o Mobile

devices are getting smaller, lighter, and more powerful; they have bigger screens and longer battery life, more features and more capabilities. o Things like watching the football game on your mobile device, watching movies, videoconferencing will become second nature in the near future.

Fig.14

What lead to rise of 4G(cont.)

o Bandwidth

become the main factor, which lead to the rise of 4G. o The short fall of 3G networks is clear, its just not fast enough, offering 384kbps doesnt meet the requirements of what the end user has come to expect these days. o It provide low cost per data bit, as well as speed and reliability, something which is greatly needed.

Fig.15

Present Scenario of 4G
Clearwire currently provides 4G service in 27 markets across the United States. The company expects to cover up to 120 million people by the end of 2010. o As per by Clearwire on average, their mobile 4G customers are using more than 7 GB of data per month. o The company also announced today that it has embarked on a series of new 4G network initiatives to deliver faster service to end users. o Increase its microwave backhaul capacity and significantly improve the energy efficiency of its thousands of base stations across the United States
o
Fig.16

Some 3G/4G mobiles

o Htc

evo

Fig.17,18

th 5

Generation mobile
Fig.19

o Till

now the 5g is the theoretical concept which is not yet realized but is the dream of every people o It would allow transfer speed without any limitation in which circle or country the user is present(no roaming) o With the realization of 5G the world will truly become wireless

Conclusion
Wireless systems becoming an important infrastructure in our society. We can also say that it is just not the end. Because man is never satisfied with what he gets , he always needs more So we can just wait and se whats coming for us in the near future..

References
          

http://www.cellular.co.za/technologies/3g/3g.htm#:: 2G/2.5G http://www.three-g.net/3g_technology.html http://4gmobile.com/ http://www.four-g.net/about2.html http://www.m-indya.com/shownews.php?newsid=2248 The Future Generations of Mobile Communications Based on Broadband Access Technologies--Nobuo Nakajima www.indianchild.com/3g.htm voip.about.com/od/mobilevoip/p/3G.htm searchmobilecomputing.techtarget.com/definition 4gmobile.com 4gworld.com

References
 Fig.1http://www.google.co.in/imgres  Fig.2http://www.google.co.in/imgres  Fig.3http://www.google.co.in/imgres  Fig.14-http://www.google.co.in/imgres  Fig.11-

http://www.google.co.in/imgres?imgurl=http:/ /www.fonearena.com/blog.  Fig.7,8,9,10-http://www.threeg.net/3g_technology.html  Fig.17,18-www.apple.com/iphone/ - United States

Thank you

yQueries??