Peta Kendali

Variabel
• Menggambarkan variasi atau penyimpangan
yg terjadi pd kecenderungan data variabel

• Kondisi in-out of control tapi tdk identik dg

kepuasan pelanggan
 Manfaat…
• Perbaikan kualitas
• Menentukan kemampuan proses
• Membuat keputusan berkaitan dg proses
produksi dan produk yg dihasilkan
 Tahapan…

1. Pemilihan karakteristik kualitas

– panjang, berat, volume, waktu
– Mempengaruhi kinerja produk
– Pemilihan karakteristik dg Diagram Pareto
2. Pemilihan Sub Kelompok

Ukuran Sampel menurut Inspeksi Normal ANSI/ASQC Z1.9-1993

Byknya produk yg dihasilkan Ukuran Sampel
91 – 150 10
151 – 280 15
281 – 400 20
401 – 500 25
501 – 1200 35
1201 – 3200 50
3201 – 10000 75
10001 – 35000 100
35001 - 150000 150
3. Pengumpulan Data
4. Penentuan Batas Kendali untuk pet X-R
dan Nilai Faktor Guna
 
X Chart

UCL
xxAR
From
Table Nilai Guna

Range for
LCL
xxAR sample i
Mean for
sample i
n
 xi n
 Ri
x  i R  i1
n # Samples
n
 Nilai Faktor Guna
Sample Mean Upper Lower
Size, n Factor, A2 Range, D4 Range, D3
2 1.880 3.268 0
3 1.023 2.574 0
4 0.729 2.282 0
5 0.577 2.115 0
6 0.483 2.004 0
7 0.419 1.924 0.076
8 0.373 1.864 0.136
9 0.337 1.816 0.184
10 0.308 1.777 0.223
12 0.266 1.716 0.284
0 .184
 R Chart

U CL R  D 4R
From Table Nilai Guna

LCL R  D 3R

n Range for Sample i

 R i
R  i1
n # Samples
 Process Capability Ratio, Cp

Upper
Speci
i on
Lower
fi cat
Speci
i onf
C
p
6σ


standard
devi
of
the
ati
process
on
 Process Capability Cpk
U pSp
p ee rio
cifica
Lnimit
 tx
C  min imu
of m ,o r
pk
 3 
xL o wSp eerio
cifica
Lnimit
t
3 

w hxep
rer o me
ce ss
an
sta nd de
avia
rdo th
ftiop
enr opceossp u la tio n
Assumes that the process is:
• under control
• normally distributed
 Warning Conditions…..
Western Electric :
1. 1 titik diluar batas kendali ( 3σ)
2. 2 dr 3 titik berurutan diluar batas
kendali (2σ)
3. 4 dr 5 titik berurutan jauh dari GT
(1σ)
4. 8 titik berurutan di satu sisi GT
5. Giliran panjang 7-8 titik
6. 1/beberapa titik dekat satu batas
kendali
7. Pola data TAK RANDOM
Examples: Compute the 3 control charts for X and R from 15 samples of size n=3. Plot the
control limits and the X and R values and comment about the underlying process.

Sample OBSERVED DIMENSIONS (cm)

1 4.843 4.863 4.859
2 4.925 4.882 4.891
3 4.866 4.914 4.873
4 4.852 4.883 4.88
5 4.92 4.884 4.821
6 4.915 4.902 4.898
7 4.887 4.892 4.858
8 4.868 4.888 4.842
9 4.904 4.863 4.866
10 4.921 4.92 4.894
11 4.914 4.884 4.899
12 4.892 4.896 4.887
13 4.866 4.829 4.88
14 4.85 4.875 4.872
15 4.867 4.9 4.885
Sample OBSERVED DIMENSIONS (cm) mean range
1 4.843 4.863 4.859 4.855 0.020
2 4.925 4.882 4.891 4.899 0.043
3 4.866 4.914 4.873 4.884 0.048
4 4.852 4.883 4.88 4.872 0.031
5 4.92 4.884 4.821 4.875 0.099
6 4.915 4.902 4.898 4.905 0.017
7 4.887 4.892 4.858 4.879 0.034
8 4.868 4.888 4.842 4.866 0.046
9 4.904 4.863 4.866 4.878 0.041
10 4.921 4.92 4.894 4.912 0.027
11 4.914 4.884 4.899 4.899 0.030
12 4.892 4.896 4.887 4.892 0.009
13 4.866 4.829 4.88 4.858 0.051
14 4.85 4.875 4.872 4.866 0.025
15 4.867 4.9 4.885 4.884 0.033
4.882 0.037
 x Chart

UCLx  4.882  1.023(.037)  4.920

LCLx  4.882  1.023(.037)  4.844

 Six Sigma Control Chart (x-bar)

4.930

4.920

4.910

4.900

Sample Mean
4.890
Upper Control Limit
cm

Lower Control Limit

4.880 Center Line

4.870

4.860

4.850

4.840
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16
Observation
 R- Chart

D4 R  2.57  .037  .0951

D3 R  0  .037  0
 Range Example

0.12

0.1

0.08

Upper Control Lim

Center Line
0.06
Lower Control Lim
Sample Range

0.04

0.02

0
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16
 Contoh
No Hasil Pengukuran Xֿ R

1 20,22,21,23,22
2 19,18,22,20,20
3 25,18,20,17,22
4 20,21,22,21,21
5 19,24,23,22,20
6 22,20,18,18,19
7 18,20,19,18,20
8 20,18,23,20,21
9 21,20,24,23,22
10 21,19,20,20,20
Jumlah/Rata-rata
n =
A2 =
D4 =
D3 =
• GT =
• BKA =
• BKB =
n =5
A2 = 0,577
D4 = 2,115
D3 = 0
• GT =
• BKA =
• BKB =
No X1 X2 X3 X4 X5 X6 X7 X¯ R
1 6 9 10 15 10 4 6
2 11 7 8 10 5 8
3 9 6 13 9 10 7 13
4 12 11 10 10
5 16 10 8 9 7 5
6 10 4 9 7 8 12
7 15 16 10 13 8
8 12 14 16 6 13 9 11
9 16 9 13 15
10 7 13 10 12 11 7 10
Jumlah/Rata-rata
• X¯(rata-rata) = ni (Xi)/ni
• R¯ = ni (Ri)/ni
• BP-X¯ = X¯rata-rata ± A2.R¯
• BPA-R = R¯D4
• BPB-R = R¯D3
No X¯ BPA BPB R BPA BPB
1 8,57 13,25 6,75 11 14,91 0,59
2 8,17 13,74 6,26 6 15,53 0
3
4
5
6
7
8
9 13,25 15,65 4,35 7 17,69 0
10 10,00 13,25 6,75 6 14,91 0.59
• Xֿ(rata-rata) = GT peta kendali X
= 7(8,57) +6(8,17)+…+4(13,25)+7(10)
7+6+7+……+4+7
=
• Rֿ = GT peta kendali R
=7(11)+6(6)+7(7)…+4(7)+7(6)
7+6+7+…+4+7
=
Ada 10 macam BATAS KENDALI