Hull Technology

Docking
Reasons for docking include Inspection / repair of: Under water hull structure Under water valves/suction Under water hull appendages Cathodic protection system Hull coating Maintenance of rudders, stabilizers, shaft brackets and shaft

Types Of Docking
Programmed
Normally part of AMD, Refit schedule . Duration depends upon MMS routines and known defect rectification time required.

Un-Programmed
Generally of short duration. Dock is made available for shorter duration, specifically to carry out a single defect rectification

Type of Docks
Graving Dock
Permanent facility, an integral part of the shipyard. Can be covered or uncovered

Floating Dock
A mobile platform which can be towed any where and berthed at a suitable depth

Ship Lift / Synchro Lift

Immobile arrangement. A platform which can be lifted mechanically after a vessel has docked in it

Types of Docks
Heavy Lift Ships
These are basically self propelled floating docks, like the one used to transport USS Cole back to USA

Slip ways
Used mainly for building ships hulls before launching and retrofitting. Small vessels are generally docked on slip ways

Ship Lift Dock

Ship Lift Dock

Graving Dock

Floating Dock

Floating Dock

Heavy Lift Ships

Heavy Lift Ships

MEOs Responsibilities - Before

Read BR 3000 for details on this topic, it will be included in final examination De-fuel vide BR 3000 Ensure safety measures BR 2000(60) Be aware of docking / undocking procedure for the type of ship and type of dock Study the docking plan. A docking plan shall contain
Ships profile Deck plans (arrangement of keel blocks etc) Sections of ship where shores are to be used

MEOs Responsibilities - Before

Know the lines of responsibility
Ship is upright. Plumb lines / level indicators rigged to ensure uprightness Trim is as per the requirement of dock authorities Davits / Gangway to be stowed inboard (Exo) Sonar Dome to be drained (WEO) Rudder locked amid ship Shoring positions marked on weather deck Propeller at docking position and blades at 0 pitch Ship de-fueled and de-ammunition. Liquid state must be recorded Fin angles at 0 Cathodic protection switched off

MEOs Responsibilities - Before

Start / Allow de flooding only if shore supplies (power / fire main /HP air/ air-conditioning) are available Ensure availability of alternate source of fire main pressurization such as ships engine driven pump etc Check availability of the following in dock
Crane SW supply Sewage Normal jetty supplies, water etc

Check draughts immediately prior to entering dock

MEOs Responsibilities - Before

Permission for fuel - machinery policy Propeller polish (iaw S2022a 4386/1) Ensure logs are ready
Dock bottom log Movement of weights Underwater valve log

Record initial weight positions Note liquid tank state Get a brief from the Dock master

Documentation Available
BR4000 - MOD(N) Docks UK BR4001 Foreign Dock Book D231 Docking Certificate D231a Undocking Certificate D231b Ammunition Certificate D238 Docking Report NES 850 General Dock Block Arrangements

Docking Tips
Have a good breakfast, its a long day Make sure all doors are open For the dockmaster this is a regular evolution You must be sure how you will control the evolution

Ships Stability While In Dock

You should be familiar with the diagram below M
G Z

B1

Ships Stability While In Dock

When ship inclines a small angle, buoyant force will act on B1 towards M Weight of the ship continues to act from G but will be parallel and opposite to B1M direction GZ is the righting arm of the ship

B1

Ships Stability While In Dock

When a ship settles on keel blocks and water level continues to fall, some buoyancy is lost. Just like the term parallel sinkage, the ship experiences parallel rise Docking can be considered as weight being taken off of the ship As soon as the ship touches the dock blocks, the parallel rise starts As the force acts on the keel it is assumed that the weight is being removed from the keel

Ships Stability While In Dock

A ship of draught 0, floating with G0 and B0, will experience a reaction force Fr upon touching with the keel blocks. Magnitude of this force will be equal to the weight (w) of the layer W0 WD BD L0 It will actually be the weight of the volume of water layer, third dimension added will be the length of the ship).

Ships Stability While In Dock

Therefore the buoyant force will now act at BDock such that FB= 0 -FR= 0-w Shift in the C.G due to this removal of weight will be KGDock= (0 KG0-FRKg)/(0 FR) Since weight removal is assumed to be at keel therefore Kg=0 KGDock= (0 KG0)/(FB)

Ships Stability While In Dock

Thus GMDock =KMDock-KGDock =(FBKMDock-0KG0)/FB The righting moment in docking situation will now become, FBGZ =FBGMDockSin =(FBKMDock-0KG0)Sin

Docking Plans
So at any time during docking a ship must maintain the following to ensure positive stability FBKMDock> 0KG0 If the above is not possible then brest ropes must be applied before the critical draught is reached A dock plan contains dimensional details of the dock itself. Including the dimensions of the blocks being used Used to determine if the ship will fit in the dock Every ship has a dock plan, a copy of which is kept with the dock master

Docking Plan
Profile section
Location of decks, bulkheads, tanks and main longitudinals at the ships side Proposed position of the shores Navigation data for the U/W hull only Position of shore services connections

Section Plan
Section of the ship, including sections recommended for shoring Details of ships U/W projections Recommended position of blocks if using a single line of blocks at centre line

Docking Plan
The docking authority is to prepare the dock and relevant hardware, after matching up both dock plans Markings are painted on dock sides for shore spars and stern of the ship

Docking In A Floating Dock

When a ship is to be docked into a floating dock, centre line of the ship must coincide with that of the centre line of the dock The principal applied in a floating dock is
The lift available in any section of the dock must not be less than the weight of that part of the ship that is to be docked over it

By observing this principal longitudinal bending moments and stresses on the dock structure are kept to a minimum. Lift curves are normally available for floating docks for this purpose

Docking In A Floating Dock

Distribution of weight of a ship is not uniform along its length whereas the floating dock has uniform lifting capacity along its length Therefore the displacement of the vessel is considerably less than the lifting capacity of the dock Once a ship is lifted then it becomes part of the dock, thus the previously discussed special stability considerations have to be kept in mind

Docking In A Floating Dock

Floating docks have a bottom pontoon and lower sections of the walls divided into a number of tanks These tanks are remotely flooded or de-flooded to achieve sinking / rising of the dock Upper parts of the walls contain control equipment, workshops, offices, accommodation etc

MEOs Responsibilities In Dock

Keep record of all shifting of weights 250Kg or more, and details of weights moved forwarded to dock authority prior un docking Keep in mind any UxE operation while in dock Record opening and closing of all water tight valves, glands or other U/W openings Avoid any spillages onboard and on dock floor. Clean the same as immediately as possible

MEOs Responsibilities In Dock

Carry out survey of U/W hull with Key rates Note condition of anti-fouling and other protective coatings, zinc anodes, suction strainers, propellers, U/W shaft bearings (This is done as soon as possible) Monitor progress of all work being carried out with time critically in mind

MEOs Responsibilities In Dock

U/W valves
During intermediate dockings 25 % of total valves must be repaired During Refit/Repair period all remaining valves must be repaired All valves maintenance must be completed during refit From inspection point of view, always check valves in the closed position, check for operation and efficient operation

Docking Preparations
Check keel blocks
Remove those in way of any U/W fitting Placing extra blocks in way of higher loading Check security of blocks

Docking Preparations

Docking Preparations
Check shores are spaced 30 40 Ft apart Shores are cut 6in short to allow wedges and packing at their heels Shore spars are prepared as per the location where they are to fit exactly Shores are placed such that their position coincides with that of bulkheads, decks or frames to prevent local straining