Vocabulary

Slow in thinking Meeting of various elements Mental Purely Rely firmly or fully Taking elements from Foolishly unreasonable

all sources To let oneself be absorbed totally

Giving meanings to

sensory experience Sphere, range or area of thought

1. Dont rely merely on your own ideas, but

consider your fellow members ideas, too. 2. To immerse yourself into that activity means to devote most of your time and effort into it. 3. Your ideas are as absurd as Janes ideas that favor the total elimination of school exams.

4. If you take an eclectic stand, you must agree

to everybodys suggestions. 5. You observe the object with your senses and think of them through your perceptual abilities. 6. Each lobe of the brain has its own domain: the right for artistry and the left for logic.

7. The media men witnessed the convergence

of the people at UST, Manila. 8. Similar to how a boatman anchors his boat to a steel at the riverbank, you have to base your understanding of the text on your experience.

9. Your cognitive aspect is responsible for your

insights about the world. 10. A brainy person is intelligent; a dull-minded one is stupid.

PONDER ON THESE QUESTIONS:

How does one understand a written material?

What happens when one begins to read?

 SCHEMATA stock knowledge, views,

concepts, background knowledge or experiences

 When one reads a text, these schemata are

brought to the reading process to help one interpret or attach meanings to the printed words. Note: The extent of your schemata is therefore the key to a better understanding of the text.

 Your act of understanding or making the text

meaningful is called Comprehension or Meaningful Identification.

 Reading is not merely recognizing or

pronouncing individual printed letters or words on the paper. It is more on attaching meanings or ideas to the whole text. (activated by schemata) Schemata (always plural) means stored knowledge Schema the symbol or mental representation of this knowledge in your brain

 Schemata are your bases in making sense of

the world. Comprehension serves as the essence, bottom line, or final outcome of any reading act (the main objective of reading) No comprehension = no reading

- Mc Whorter (2007)

1. Recognize the printed language symbols.

2. Attach or assign meanings to the symbols

based on your schemata. 3. Fuse or relate your schemata or concepts of the symbols with the authors ideas. 4. Adjust, modify, or construct new knowledge about the text based on the merging of your schemata and the writers ideas.

But what if you have very limited schemata or you rely mainly on the authors ideas?

Bottom-Up Reading
You spend time analyzing the structure, form,

stress, or other features of the language to get clues. Getting meanings depends a lot on data appearing on the page, not on your expectations or anticipations about it.

 Bottom-Up Reading does not give importance

to ones own experience. Reading is limited mainly to the visible symbols encountered on the page. This is the reason why some experts believe this method of reading thrives on low-level concepts.

Top-Down Reading
The direction of forming meanings proceeds

from the reader to the author. Readers greatly depend on schemata to understand the text. Focuses on what the readers already know or what they have already experienced in the world.

Interactive or Schema Reading

Considered as the most comprehensive direction of the reading process
Requires readers to deal with both textual and

non-textual information (predictions, assumptions, conclusions, etc). The readers understanding of the text does not come in a linear or sequential pattern. Rather, all levels of thinking interact or influence one another.

Interactive or Schema Reading

Strengthens reading abilities by giving

importance also to letters or words in the total understanding of the text. This reading method allows one to shift from TD to BU reading or vice-versa for an easier comprehension of the text.

Some gestures which signal poor or difficult understanding of the text:

Fingers moving slowly along the lines Lips moving while sounding the words

Sub-vocalization or reading silently to oneself

How do we achieve easy, fast, and thorough understanding of the text?