Possible Health Benefits of Palm Oil Phenolics

Visit by Deputy Director General Dr. Kashairi

Dr. Robert Weinberg Research Scientist, MIT Biomaterials Science & Engineering Lab July 1, 2011

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Possible health effects of Oil Palm Polyphenols

SYSTEM
Cardiovascular

DISEASE
Atherosclerosis Myocardial infarction (heart attacks) Cerebrovascular accident (strokes)

Endocrine Multi-system (Neoplasia)

Diabetes mellitus Cancer Alzheimers, Parkinsons Anti-aging, antiinflammatory, antioxidant properties

Neurologic Multi-System (Longevity)

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Populations and costs for specific Medical care

CONDITION Hypertension Heart attacks
Cardiac arrhythmias

# OF PEOPLE/YR 250 million 20 million deaths 55 million disabled

COST OF CARE/LOSSES US$370 billion care $250 billion economic losses US$75 billion car

30 million deaths
4 million deaths 190 million

$350 billion economic losses

$50 billion economic losses US$220 billion care

Diabetes mellitus

Strokes
Cancer Alzheimers

9 million deaths 15 million disabled

14 million deaths 30 million new Dx 35 million disabled

$110 billion economic losses US$45 billion care

$170 billion economic losses US$30 billion care US$640 billion care

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Global causes of Death (W.H.O.)

% % % % %

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OPP reduces Blood Pressure

Hypertension globally affects 250 million people OPP reduces blood pressure in NO-deficient rats

Reduction in blood pressure is dose-dependent

Global costs for anti-hypertensive treatment are approximately US$ 750 million

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Cardioprotective Effects of OPP

OPP reduces atheromatous plaques by reducing lipid deposition and development of fatty streaks OPP prevents thrombosis as antiplatelet drug

OPP reduces morbidity and mortality from atherosclerotic heart disease OPP substantially reduces overall mortality from myocardial ischemia

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OPP blocks Atherosclerosis progression

Globally cardiovascular disease (CVD) resulting from atherosclerosis is a major cause of morbidity and mortality Annually over 12 million persons die from CVD resulting from atherosclerosis Globally, in 2009, over 45 million persons are impaired or disabled by CVD In a rabbit model of CVD, OPP blocks the progression of atherosclerosis

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OPP reduces Ventricular Fibrillation (VF)

A lethal cardiac arrhythmia

Myocardial ischemia resulting in reduced oxygen delivery to the heart may lead to arrhythmias Ventricular Fibrillation is a leading cause of death during acute MI Globally 30 million deaths annually

OPP significantly reduces risk of VF in rats

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OPP protects against Diabetes

Globally Diabetes mellitus causes affects million persons

180

The Nile Grass rat is an animal model of Diabetes mellitus and metabolic syndrome in man OPP prevents the development of Diabetes in the Nile Grass rat (Hayes, Brandeis)

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OPP blocks Cancer Tumor Growth

Globally cancer is a leading cause of death In 2009, cancer killed over 14 million persons In 2009, over 30 million new diagnoses of cancer Cancer causes annual healthcare burden costing over US$30 billion OPP substantially reduces cancer tumor growth in mice inoculated with myeloma tumors

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OPP is neuroprotective and prevents Dementia

In 2010, , healthcare for dementia accounted for 1% of the Global Gross Domestic Product, costing US$ 640 billion OPP is neuroprotective and prevents oxidative damage to the brain, decreases inflammation Neuroprotective effects of OPP currently protected by Patent

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Neuroprotective effects of OPP

Alzheimers disease global costs of care topped US $640 billion in 2010 (1% global domestic product) Oligomers of beta-amyloid peptide are toxic to neurons & glial cells and may be key to the pathogenesis of Alzheimers disease OPP inhibits the polymerization of beta-amyloid peptide

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Oxidative Stress as basis of Disease

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Oxidative Stress underlying Disease Processes

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Cellular effects of Reactive Oxygen Species

Polymerization of lipids & loss of membrane fluidity Cross linkage of proteins & denaturation of enzymes DNA oxidation with damage & gene mutations Depletion of glutathione & cellular antioxidants

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Polyphenol Antioxidants neutralize Reactive Oxygen Species

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Signature polyphenols in OPP

OPP is rich in polyphenol compounds

5 signature polyphenols in OPP 3 isomers of caffeoylshikimic acid Protocatechuic acid Para-hydroxybenzoic acid
Polyphenol compounds are potent antioxidants (e.g. resveratrol, quercetin, EGCG)

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Correlation between phenolics & antioxidant capacity

r2 = 0.938
Kim et al. 2003.

r2 = 0.942

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Antioxidant capacity of Individual phenolics

Cyanidine Quercetin Peonidine Cyanidine 3-glucoside Quercetin 3-glucoside Peonidine 3-glucoside Quercetin 3-galactoside Cyanidine 3-rutinoside Quercetin 3-rutinoside Chlorogenic acid

Chun et al. 2003.

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Genes, receptors and cytokines affected by Polyphenols

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Biology of Aging and Degenerative Changes

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Polyphenols affect longevity of multiple species

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