Group 7

•AISYAH HARUN
•NURUL ADLINA
•NUR SYAMIMI
•SIVASANGARII
•PUSHPAMBIKAI
•RASHMEET
•SYAZLEEN
•SHEREEN SHAZLINA
•PANG YEE XIAN
ANEMIA
 DEFINITION
•Is defined as a qualitative or quantitative
deficiency of hemoglobin, a molecule inside
red blood cells (RBCs)

•As hemoglobin carries oxygen from the

lungs to the tissues, anemia lead to a
hypoxia (lack of oxygen) in organs

•Since all human cells depend on oxygen for

survival, varying degrees of anemia can have
a wide range of clinical consequences
 MAIN CLASESS OF ANEMIA
•THREE
•Excessive blood loss
• **e.g. hemorrhage

•Excessive blood cell destruction

• **e.g. hemolysis

•Deficient red blood cell production

• **e.g. hematopoiesis
 SIGN AND SYMPTOM
COMMON ANEMIA
•Weakness
•Fatigue
•General malaise
SEVERE ANEMIA
•Dyspnea (short of breath)
•Increase cardiac output
•Leadings to palpitation and
sweatiness
•Heart failure
WHAT IS IRON DEFICIENCY ANEMIA

•Iron-deficiency anemia (IDA), often

caused by insufficient iron intake, is the
major cause of anemia in childhood.
•The body need iron to make
haemoglobin
• If there isn't enough iron available,
hemoglobin production is limited,
which in turns affects the production of
red blood cells (RBCs)
 WHAT CAUSE IT

•Insufficient iron in the diet

•Poor absorption of iron by the body
•Ongoing blood loss, most commonly
from menstruation or from gradual blood
loss in the intestinal tract
•Periods of rapid growth
• **A diet low in iron often happen in
toddlers, and teens
 SIGNS AND SYMPTOM
•Fatigue and weakness
•Pale skin and mucous membrane
•Rapid heartbeat or a new heart
murmur
• (detected in an exam by your child’s
doctor)
•Irritability
•Decreased appetite
•Dizziness or a feeling of being
lightheaded
WHO GET MORE CHANCES
DEVELOP ANEMIA

-Cow milk
**for baby below than 12 month
cannot take cow milk because can
lead to IDA
-Premature birth and low birth
weight
-During the first stage puberty (boy)
-Adolescent girls
 DIAGNOSE
•A complete blood count
•Reticulocytes count
•Serum iron
•Serum ferritin
 Treatment

•Vitamin C
•Female that having
menstrual, encourage to take
rich iron in their daily diet
e.g.meat organ(liver)
 CARING FOR YOUR CHILD

•Infant younger than 1 years should

drink only breast milk or infant
formula supplement with iron
•Children under 2 years should have
no more than 24 ounces of cow’s milk
a day
•Iron-fortified products such as cereal
can be a great way to get kids
 SOURCE OF IRON

•Lean meats
•Egg yolks
•Broccoli
•Spinach
•And others green leafy vegetables
•Dried peas and beans
•Blackstrap molasses
•Raisins
•Whole-grain bread