Template Farmakologi 2

FARMAKOLOGI 2
Dosen Pengampu :
Zamharira Muslim, M.Farm., Apt
● Disusun Oleh
Kelompok 5
Aflah Mulia Putri(P05150221002)

Bella Rohani Nadeak (P05150221008)
Dina Ramdhan Novlia P (P05150221015)
Elsa Triwahida (P05150221017)
Frisca Zahara (P05150221019)
Rizki Rima Putri (P05150221033)
Sindy Veren Aprillia (P05150221037)
Zelni Fadila Angraini (P05150221048)
DM (Diabetes Mellitus)
Diabetes mellitus (DM) adalah sekelompok gangguan

metabolisme yang ditandai dengan hiperglikemia dan
kelainan metabolisme karbohidrat, lemak, dan protein.
Ini hasil dari cacat dalam sekresi insulin, sensitivitas
insulin, atau keduanya.
ETIOLOGI
FATOSIOLOGI
1. DM tipe 1 2. DM tipe 2
• DM tipe 1 menyumbang 5% • DM tipe 2 menyumbang sebanyak

sampai 10% dari semua kasus 90% kasus DM dan biasanya
diabetes. Biasanya berkembang ditandai dengan adanya resistensi
pada masa kanak-kanak atau insulin dan defisiensi insulin relatif.
awal masa dewasa dan Resistensi insulin dimanifestasikan
dihasilkan dari penghancuran sel oleh peningkatan lipolisis dan
B pankreas yang dimediasi oleh produksi asam lemak bebas,
kekebalan, yang mengakibatkan peningkatan produksi glukosa
defisiensi insulin absolut. hepatik, dan penurunan serapan
glukosa otot rangka.
- Hasil yang diinginkan
Tujuan terapi pada DM adalah untuk memperbaiki gejala hiperglikemia, mengurangi
onset dan perkembangan komplikasi mikrovaskular dan makrovaskular, menurunkan
mortalitas, dan meningkatkan kualitas hidup
-Pendekatan Umum
Perawatan yang tepat membutuhkan penetapan tujuan untuk glikemia, tekanan darah,
dan kadar lipid; pemantauan rutin untuk komplikasi; modifikasi diet dan olahraga;
pemantauan mandiri glukosa darah (SMBG) yang tepat; dan penilaian parameter
laboratorium yang tepat.
TERAPI FARMAKOLOGI
Insulin reguler memiliki onset aksi yang relatif lambat ketika diberikan
subkutan- Insulin umumnya, membutuhkan injeksi 30 menit sebelum makan
untuk mencapai kontrol glukosa postprandial yang optimal dan untuk
mencegah hipoglikemia pasca-makan yang tertunda. lispro, aspart, dan
glulisine adalah analog yang lebih cepat diserap, memuncak lebih cepat, dan
memiliki durasi aksi yang lebih pendek daripada insulin reguler.
TERAPI NON FARMAKOLOGI
Terapi nutrisi medis direkomendasikan untuk semua pasien.

a) Untuk individu dengan DM tipe 1, fokusnya adalah mengatur pemberian insulin
dengan diet seimbang untuk mencapai dan mempertahankan berat badan yang
sehat. Rencana makan itu moderat dalam karbohidrat dan rendah lemak jenuh,
dengan fokus pada makanan seimbang dianjurkan.
b) Selain itu, pasien dengan DM tipe 2 sering memerlukan pembatasan kalori untuk
mendorong penurunan berat badan. Makanan ringan sebelum tidur dan di antara
waktu makan biasanya tidak diperlukan jika penatalaksanaan farmakologis tepat.
PRAMLINTIDE
Pramlintide adalah analog sintetik amylin, hormon sarai yang disekresikan dari sel-B
dengan insulin
*Keuntungan utamanya adalah pada DM tipe 1, yang membantu menstabilkan ayunan

glikemik postprandial yang lebar. Efek samping yang paling umum adalah mual, muntah,
dan anoreksia.
• Sulfonilurea
Sulfonilurea mengerahkan aksi hipoglikemik dengan merangsang sekresi insulin
pankreas. Semua sulfonilurea sama efektifnya dalam menurunkan glukosa darah bila
diberikan dalam dosis yang sama.
• Secretagogues Insulin Kerja Pendek (Meglitinides)

Serupa dengan sulfonilurea, meglitinida menurunkan glukosa dengan merangsang
sekresi insulin pankreas, tetapi pelepasan insulin bergantung pada glukosa dan
berkurang pada konsentrasi glukosa darah rendah. Risiko hipoglikemik tampaknya lebih
kecil dengan meglitinida dibandingkan dengan sulfonilurea.
Minimalist green slides infographics
Mercury is the closest planet to the Sun
01 Mercury and the smallest
Venus has a beautiful name and is the

02 Venus second planet from the Sun
Despite being red, Mars is a cold place.

03 Mars It's full of iron oxide dust
Mercury Jupiter Venus

Mercury is the closest planet Venus has a beautiful name
to the Sun and the smallest and is the second planet from
one in the Solar System the Sun. It’s terribly hot
Neptune
Mercury Venus
It’s the closest planet to Venus has a beautiful
the Sun name
Neptune
Jupiter Saturn
It’s the biggest planet of It’s a gas giant and has
them all several rings
Mon Tue Wed Thu Fri
Project 01
Project 02
Project 02
Project 04
Project 05
Mercury
Mercury is the closest
planet to the Sun
Venus
Venus is the second planet
from the Sun
Follow the link in the graph to modify its data and then paste the new one here. For more info, click here
Mercury Mars Saturn

Mercury is the closest Despite being red, Mars is Saturn is a gas giant and
planet to the Sun a cold place has rings
Venus Jupiter Neptune

Venus is the second planet Jupiter is the biggest It's the farthest planet from
from the Sun planet of them all the Sun
Mercury
Mercury is quite a
small planet
Jupiter
Jupiter is a very big
planet
Venus
Venus has a beautiful
name
Mars Saturn
Despite being red, Saturn is the ringed
Mars is cold planet
Jupiter Neptune
Jupiter is an enormous Neptune is far away
planet from us
Mercury
Mercury is the closest planet to
the Sun and the smallest of them
all
Mercury
Neptune
Jupiter
Saturn
Mercury Mars
Mercury is the closest Despite being red, Mars is
planet to the Sun a cold place
20% 40%
Venus Jupiter
Venus is the second planet Jupiter is the biggest
from the Sun planet of them all
50% 75%
Saturn
Topic 01 Topic 02
Mercury Venus Saturn Neptune

Mercury is a small Venus has a It’s a gas giant and Neptune is far away
planet beautiful name has rings from Earth
Mars Jupiter
Despite being red, Mars is Jupiter is the biggest
a cold place planet of them all
Mercury Saturn
Mercury is the closest Saturn is a gas giant and
planet to the Sun has rings
Earth
Venus Neptune
Venus is the second planet It's the farthest planet from
from the Sun the Sun
Mercury Mars
75% 80%
Venus Neptune
50% 25%
Venus is the second planet Jupiter is the biggest
from the Sun planet of them all
Mercury
planet to the Sun
Venus
from the Sun
Despite being red, Mars is a
Mars cold place
Jupiter is the biggest planet of

Neptune Jupiter them all
Mercury is the closest planet to

Mercury the Sun
Saturn is a gas giant and has

Saturn several rings
Earth
Venus from the Sun
Venus has a beautiful name and is the

second planet from the Sun
Despite being red, Mars is a cold place.

It's full of iron oxide dust
Mars Jupiter
Despite being red, Mars is Jupiter is the biggest
a cold place planet of them all
Mercury Saturn
Mercury is the closest Saturn is a gas giant and
planet to the Sun has rings
Mercury Mars
Venus Saturn
Venus is the second planet Saturn is a gas giant and
from the Sun has rings
Jupiter Neptune
Jupiter is the biggest It's the farthest planet from
planet of them all the Sun
Mercury
planet to the Sun
Venus
from the Sun
Jupiter
Jupiter is the biggest
planet of them all
Venus Saturn
Venus has a Saturn is the ringed
Mercury beautiful name planet
Mercury is closest
planet to the Sun and
the smallest of them
all
Mars Neptune Jupiter
Mars is a very cold Neptune is far away Jupiter is the biggest
planet from us planet
Mercury Mars
Venus Saturn
Jupiter Neptune
Jupiter is the biggest It's the farthest planet from
planet of them all the Sun
Venus has beautiful name, but also Mercury is the smallest planet of
high temperatures them all
Jupiter is the biggest planet in the Despite being red, Mars is actually
Solar System a very cold planet
Neptune is the fourth-largest Saturn is a gas giant and has

planet several rings
The Sun is the star at the center of Earth is the only planet with life in
the Solar System the Solar System
Earth
01 02 03
Venus is the second planet Jupiter is the biggest Mercury is the closest
from the Sun planet of them all planet to the Sun
Mercury Mars
Venus Saturn
50% 75% 25%
Mercury Jupiter Venus

Mercury is the closest Jupiter is the biggest Venus is the second planet
planet to the Sun planet of them all from the Sun
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FARMAKOLOGI 2

Aflah Mulia Putri(P05150221002)

Diabetes mellitus (DM) adalah sekelompok gangguan

• DM tipe 1 menyumbang 5% • DM tipe 2 menyumbang sebanyak

Terapi nutrisi medis direkomendasikan untuk semua pasien.

*Keuntungan utamanya adalah pada DM tipe 1, yang membantu menstabilkan ayunan

• Secretagogues Insulin Kerja Pendek (Meglitinides)

Venus has a beautiful name and is the

Despite being red, Mars is a cold place.

Mercury Jupiter Venus

Mon Tue Wed Thu Fri

Mercury Mars Saturn

Venus Jupiter Neptune

Mercury Venus Saturn Neptune

Jupiter is the biggest planet of

Mercury is the closest planet to

Saturn is a gas giant and has

Venus has a beautiful name and is the

Despite being red, Mars is a cold place.

Neptune is the fourth-largest Saturn is a gas giant and has

50% 75% 25%

Mercury Jupiter Venus

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