A device that accepts input, processes data, stores data, and produces output, all according to a series of stored

instructions. Or Computer is a device that "computes" by executing basic instructions

Or A device that computes, especially a programmable electronic machine that performs high-speed mathematical or logical operations or that assembles, stores, correlates, or otherwise processes information.
Myth: Computer has a full form. Reality: There is no real full form of the computer , it is made by

users and Computer word is generated with the English word "Compute" ,which means Calculate.

 1.Speed- Millions of instructions per second

2.Accuracy-GIGO 3.Diligence-Never tired

4.Reliability-Continuos monitoring of itself

5.Storage 6.Versality-multiple type of tasks can be performed

7.Resource Sharing-networking

1. Speed: computer process the data at an unimaginable speed. The speed of the computer ranges up to Nano seconds.
2. Reliability: The next important characteristic of a computer is its reliability. we can always rely on the information given by a computer. 3. Memory capacity: The memory capacity of a computer is measured in in bits and bytes. Large amount of the data can be stored in computer and retrieved. Memory capacity of the computer ranges in Giga bytes.

4. Accuracy: Accuracy of the computer is very high it performs calculation with greater accuracy
in less time. 5. Automation: a computer allows automation for any process designed in the from of a program. A program can be executed any number of times to repeat the process.

6. functionality: computer can performs many kinds

of jobs. They not process the data but also can be Used for plying music, movies, and printing jobs.

It finds its applications in all most all the fields.

7. Tirelessness: A computer never gate tired.

 a. No Self Intelligence

Today, a computer is able to do a work which is impossible for man. Computers are used to do risky and dangerous work and where sharp actually is needed. But it does not have any intelligence of its own. It works according to the instruction only. b. No Decision-Making power Computer cannot take any decision of its own. It does only those tasks which are already instructed to it. c. No learning power Computer has no learning power. Once you give instructions to a computer how to perform a task, the very task is cannot perform if you do not give it any instructions for the next time. For example, when you are taught how to solve a problem and it same type of problem is given to you to solve, then you can do it because you have learned how to solve the problem.

 Computer A device that accepts input,

Software A computer program that tells

processes data, stores data, and produces output, all according to a series of stored instructions.
Hardware Includes the electronic and

the computer how to perform particular tasks.

Network Two or more computers and

mechanical devices that process the data; refers to the computer as well as peripheral devices.

other devices that are connected, for the purpose of sharing data and programs.
Peripheral devices Used to expand the

computers input, output and storage capabilities.

 Input
Whatever is put into a computer system.

Data
Refers to the symbols that represent facts, objects, or ideas.

Information
The results of the computer storing data as bits and bytes; the words, numbers,

sounds, and graphics.

Output
Consists of the processing results produced by a computer.

Processing
Manipulation of the data in many ways.

Memory
Area of the computer that temporarily holds data waiting to be processed,

stored, or output.

Storage
Area of the computer that holds data on a permanent basis when it is not

immediately needed for processing.

CRT Display

The Cabinet CD-ROM Drive

Floppy Disk Drive

Keyboard

Mouse

Motherboard

CPU (Central Processing Unit)

SIMM (Single Inline Memory Module)

HDD (Hard Disk Drive)

Power Supply

Disks
Bus Printer Mouse Keyboard Modem Ports Disk controller

Graphics card

Monitor

CPU

Sound card

Speakers

RAM Network card Computer

Schematic Diagram of a Personal Computer

 A microcomputer that

fits on a desk and runs on power from an electrical wall outlet. The CPU can be housed in either a vertical or a horizontal case. Has separate components (keyboard, mouse, etc.) that are each plugged into the computer.

 A portable, compact

computer that can run on an electrical wall outlet or a battery unit. All components (keyboard, mouse, etc.) are in one compact unit. Usually more expensive than a comparable desktop. Sometimes called a Notebook.

 A computer that was the fastest in the world at the

time it was constructed. Can tackle tasks that would not be practical for other computers.
Typical uses Breaking codes Modeling weather systems Other Scientific Applications

 Large expensive

computer capable of simultaneously processing data for hundreds or thousands of users. Used to store, manage, and process large amounts of data that need to be reliable, secure, and centralized. Usually housed in a closet sized cabinet.

 Also called a PDA (Personal

Digital Assistant). A computer that fits into a pocket, runs on batteries, and is used while holding the unit in your hand. Typically used as an appointment book, address book, calculator, and notepad. Can be synchronized with a personal microcomputer as a backup.

 Input--This is when information is entered into a

computer. Some common input devices include the keyboard, mouse and scanner. Output--This is the information that comes out of a computer after it has been processed. The information comes out on output devices such as a printer or computer monitor. Processing--This is when the information is handled by the computers brain, known as the CPU (Central Processing Unit).

 There are two basic parts that make up a

computer...
Hardware Software

 Hardware is basically anything that you can touch

with your fingers.

Computer Hardware is the physical part of the computer system, the machinery and equipment. Parts of the computer you can see

Computer Case, CPU (central processing unit...Pentium chip) Monitor, Keyboard & Mouse, Hard Disk Drive, Zip Drive, CD-ROM, DVD, Hard Disk Drive, Speakers, Printer, Motherboard Sound Card and Video Card, Memory Card, Power Supply NIC Card, CMOS Chip(BIOS).

 There are three

types/categories of hardware
1. Input Devices 2. Output Devices 3. Storage Devices

Units that gather information and transform that information it into a series of electronic signals for the computer.

 An arrangement of letters, numbers, and special

function keys that act as the primary input device to the computer.

Its another input device. Its called a mouse because of its shape and the way the cable attaching it to the computer looks a bit like a tail. There are two kinds of mice. Some use a roller ball that allows the mouse to roll around a flat surface. When you do that and look up at the screen, youll see a small moving arrow. This arrow is called the pointer. A laser mouse doesnt have a roller ball. It uses a laser light that makes the pointer move. Laser mice dont have to have their insides cleaned!

Trackball
- A pointing device consisting of a ball.

Joystick

- An input device consisting of a stick.

Digitizing Tablet

- A computer input device that allows one to hand-draw images and graphics.

Digital Camera

- A camera that takes video or still photographs, or both, digitally by recording images via an electronic image sensor.

A scanner is a very useful input device. You can place a page of writing or pictures in the scanner and it will send the information to your computer. There they can be changed, saved into a computer file, or printed.

Devices that display, print, or transmit the results of processing from the computers memory.

Monitor Printers

Soundboard
Audio Speakers

Headphones

Modem
Fax

A monitor or display (sometimes called a visual display unit) is an electronic visual display for computers.

 A device that sends and receives data to and from

computers over telephone lines.

One output device is a printer. Once a computer user has created something on the computer, such as a story, he can send it to the printer. The printer prints exactly whats on the screen.

An inkjet printer usually prints in color. It prints by squirting out small dots of ink onto the paper. A laser printer uses a laser beam to create an image that is transferred to paper. It uses toner and a drum. The ink is powder.

Sound and Video Cards are Output Devices. They contain special circuits that allow your computer to play sounds and display graphics on your monitor.

A soundboard is an electronic circuit board, located inside the computer, that can produce music and high quality sounds. If you play video games and multimedia programs on your computer, youll need a soundboard!

Speakers can be connected to your computer so you can hear very realistic sound effects and wonderful music. Some computer monitors come with built in speakers.

Storage devices are both input and output devices in one. A storage device is a place to keep data that has been processed so that it can be retrieved at a later time to be used again.

Primary Memory

Secondary Memory Storage Capacity Larger Non-Volatile Memory

Storage Capacity - Limited

Volatile Memory

Primary Devices : RAM, ROM

Secondary Devices : Floppy Disk, Hard Disk

The Hard Disk Drive is a magnetic storage device. All the computer programs and files you create and save are located there. This is permanent storage (at least until you uninstall software or delete a file). The hard drive is normally signified by the drive letter C. Todays hard drives can store a HUGE amount of information. A new computer might have a hard drive that will hold 250 GBs!
Inside the Hard Disk Drive case youll find circular disks that are made of steel. On the disks, there are many tracks, or cylinders. An electronic reading device called the head passes back and forth over the cylinders, reading information from the disk or writing to it.

Your computer couldnt work without the motherboard. It ties everything together! It allows every part of your computer to receive power and communicate with each other. Everything that runs the computer or enhances its performance is either part of the motherboard or plugs into one of its expansion slots or ports.

Remember RAM (Random Access Memory) and ROM (Read-Only Memory)?

RAM cards will remember what you tell them and can even change to remember new information. But, when the computer is turned off, it forgets everything you did! Thats why you always save your work!
ROM is good at remembering, but cannot change its mind. It holds the information that was built into it!

If there is any one component that is absolutely vital to the operation of a computer, it is the power supply! Without it, a computer is just a box full of plastic and metal. The power supply converts the alternating current (AC) line from your home or school to the direct current (DC) needed by the computer.

You can see the power supply from the back of your computer because of the power cord and the cooling fan. Computers put out a LOT of heat and need the fan to keep them from overheating.

A NIC card (Network Interface Card) allows your computer to talk to other computers! A cable called Cat5 is plugged into the NIC card and your computer can then be attached to a network and be on the internet!

A BIOS chip (Basic Input Output System) is a very important computer component. In simple terms, the BIOS chip wakes up the computer when you turn it on and reminds it what parts it has and what they do!

A BIOS chip (Basic Input Output System) is a very important computer component. In simple terms, the BIOS chip wakes up the computer when you turn it on and reminds it what parts it has and what they do!

 Peripheral devices an optional piece of equipment

that can be added to a computer to enhance functionality

Joystick Graphics Tablet

Speakers
Wireless USB Bluetooth headphones Etc.

 Purpose is to serve.

A computer that has the

purpose of supplying its users with data; usually through the use of a LAN (local area network).

 1.Computers in

6.Computers in

Businesses 2.Computers in Entertainment 3.Computers in Education 4.Computers in Medicine 5.Computers in Banking Industry

Researches /Sciences 7.Computers in Publishing 8.Computers in Service Industry 9.Computers in telecom industry