0 INTERNET TECHNOLOGY
3.1 Network Basics
3.1.1 Network Topology
LEARNING OUTCOMES
At the end of this topic, students should be able to: 1) Explain types of network topology
Network Network is a group of two or more computer systems linked together to exchange data and share resources.
What Is a Topology?
A network topology refers to the layout of the computers and devices in a communications network. It refers to both the physical and logical layout of a network.
Physical Topology
The arrangement of a cabling on a network.
Logical Topology
The path that data travels between computers on a network.
Star network
Ring network
Terminator
T-Connector
Backbone
T-Connector
Backbone
If the device address does not match the intended address for the data, the device ignores the data.
If the data does match the device address, the data is accepted.
All devices receive the data but only the receiving device accept them.
Hub / Switch
BUS A bus network consists of a single central cable (backbone), to which all computers and other devices connect.
STAR All the computers and other devices on the network connect to a central device, thus forming a star.
RING On a ring network, a cable forms a closed loop (ring) with all computers and devices arranged along the ring.
Bus networks are inexpensive and easy to install, practical in a small environment such as home or office.
Bus networks are reliable and easy to expand; any devices can be attached and detached at any point on the bus without disturbing the rest of the network. Failure of one computer (workstation) /device usually does not affect the rest of the bus network.
A bus network with more than a few dozens computers is likely to perform poorly.
Because all systems on the network connect to a single cable or backbone, a break in the cable will prevent all systems from accessing the network.
The transmission of data is Relatively simple as packets travel in one direction only.
A failure in any cable or Device breaks the loop and can take down the entire network.
Data packets must pass through every computer therefore, this makes it slower.
The uses of token passing enables all devices in a ring topology to share the Network resources fairly.
A ring network can span a larger distance than a bus network, but it is more Difficult to install.
EXERCISE:
1) Which of the following statements describe about network topology correctly ? A. Devices attached or detached at any point on the network. B. The failure of device on the network. C. Refers to the configuration of cables, computers and other peripherals. D. All of the above.
EXERCISE:
2) On a __________, all of the computers and devices on the network connect to a central device. A. Bus network.
B. Ring network.
C. Star network.
D. All of above.
EXERCISE:
3) On a star network, the central device that provides a common connection point for nodes on the Network is called the ____________.
A. Hub.
B. Personal computer.
C. Printer.
D. File server.
EXERCISE:
4) On a bus network, if one node fails ________.
A. Only that node is affected. B. Only the nodes before that node are affected. C. D. Only the nodes after that node are affected. All the nodes are affected.
EXERCISE:
The transmission of data is relatively simple as packets travel in one direction only. 5) The statement above is correctly refer to the _________________. A. Bus network. B. Ring network. C. Star network. D. All of the above.