Transgenic Animals
I. Introduction
Transgenic animals:
Animals which have been genetically engineered to contain one or more genes from an exogenous source. Transgenes are integrated into the genome. Transgenes can be transmitted through the germline to progeny. First transgenic animal produced = Founder Animal
Majority of transgenic animals carry the gene in all of their cells, including the germ cells. Transmission to next generation requires germline integration. Some integration events occur subsequent to DNA replication giving rise to mosaic animals which may or may not contain the transgene in its germline.
required.
Mated on day 3 Fertilized oocytes microinjected on day 4 with foreign DNA construct. Microinjected oocytes are transferred to the oviducts of surrogate mothers at end of day 4.
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gene from those of an endogenous counterpart, the injected gene must be marked in some way.
Mini-genes where exons are deleted of cDNA where introns are absent. Modification by insertion/deletion/mutagenesis of a few nucleotides (e.g. the gain or loss of a restriction endonuclease site). Hybrid genes where foreign epitopes are expressed on transgenic products.
is expressed appropriately, despite the fact that it has integrated at a different chromosomal location.
pigs Human lactoferrin in cows milk Alpha-1-antitrypsin in sheep HGH in mouse urine (uroplakin promoters) Human antibodies in mice (H and L chain tgenics hybridomas)
activator (TPA) in goats Human antithrombin III in goats Malaria antigens in goats (vaccine) Alpha-glucosidase in rabbits (Pompes disease
human complement is activated and triggers the complement cascade and organ destruction.
been produced and are gaining feasibility as a source of xenogeneic organs for transplantation.