GROUP 2

Nguyn

Th Phng Uyn L Th Anh Th o Th Thy Tin L Th M Trinh Phan Th Nguyn Trm L Anh Vn Trng Bch Trm

MEMBERS:

Definition
Vowel
A speech sound produced with relatively little obstruction of airstream in the vocal tract

Consonant
A speech sound produced with a complete or partial obstruction of the air stream in vocal tract

I. ARTICULATION
deal with the physiological mechanism of speech production. how speech sounds are produced.

1. Tongue part

5. Tenseness

IDENTIFICATION OF VOWELS 4.Length 2. Tongue height

3. Shape of lips

VOWEL ARTICULATION
Height of articulation:(Tongue height) - High: top of the mouth - Mid: middle of the mouth - Low: bottom of the mouth beat /bi:t/ - bat /b&t/

Frontness of articulation: (tongue part) - Front: the tip of the tongue - Central: the middle of the tongue - Back: the part of the tongue closest to the throat E.g: fit /fIt/ - foot /fUt/

Tenseness of articulation - Tense: with a tensed tongue - Lax: with a relaxed tongue E.g: wheat /wi:t/ - wet /wet/

Roundness of article: (shape of lips) Rounded: with the lips pushed forward in an O shape Unrounded: with the lips pulled in and back E.g: food /fu:d/ and foot /fUt/

Length ( Duration) + long: e.g. [i: ], [u:] + short:e.g. [], []

CONSONANT ARTICULATION

Describing the consonant sounds:

The manner of articulation The place of articulation The force of articulation

The manner of articulation

Interaction

between the various articulators and the air stream The manners of articulation are:

PLOSIVE

AFFRICATIVE

FRICATIVE

NASAL

LATERAL

APPROXIMANT

MANNER OF ARTICULATION
PLOSIVE AFFRICATIVE
FRICATIVE NASAL LATERAL APPROXIMANT

/p/ and /b/ /t/- //

/f/- /v/ /m/- /n/ /l/ /r/- /w/

PLACE OF ARTICULATION
Bilabial
Using closing movement of both lips, e.g. /p/ /b/

Labio-dental
Dental

Using the lower lip and the upper teeth, e.g. /f//v/
The tongue tip is used either between the teeth or close to the upper teeth, e.g. /// The blade of the tongue is used close to the alveolar ridge, e.g. /t/- /s/. The blade ( or tip) of the tongue is used just behind the alveolar ridge, e.g. //-// The front of the tongue is raised close to the palate, e.g. /j/ The back of the tongue is used against the soft palate, e.g. /k/- // The gap between the vocal cords is used to make audible friction, e.g. /h/

Alveolar
Palato-alveolar

Palatal
Velar

Glottal

FORCE OF ARTICULATION
Fortis

sounds Lenis or weak: it is related to be voiced sounds.

or strong: it is related to unvoiced

TABLE OF ENGLISH CONSONANTS

Place of Articulation
Front Back
Bilabial Plosive Affricative p b Labio- Dental dental Alveolar Palatoalveolar t d Palatal Velar k g Glotal

Manner of Articulation

Fricative
Nasal Lateral Approxi Mant (w) m

s n l

Unvoiced phonemes are on shaded background. Voiced phonemes are normal

Acoustic

A branch of physics, and involves the study of the speech signal ( the sound waves produced when a speaker speaks) Acoustic features play a much more important role in accurately describing vowels as vowels are sonorous sound.

Vowels

Consonants

Louder sonorant /a/ /a/ /i/ /i/

Softer sonorant /n/ /n/ /l/

Vowels

Consonants

longer lasting /A:/ /O:/

shorter lasting /t/ /r/

Vowels

Consonants

more frequencies

less frequencies

Vowels
The

Consonants

scale of the vowels and consonants is in order, from high to low.

Vowels
No plosive /i/ /A/

Consonan t Plosive /p/ /t/