Environmental Impact Assessment

General Concepts

Environmental Impact Assessment

Awareness Importance Implications Requirements

Environmental Impact Assessment

What

is Environment? jala
Water

Interactions

ixait
Land

SarIr
Life

Energy

pavak

samaIr
Air

gagana

Space

What is EIA

Essentially a thought process

Systematic
Quantitative Explorative

Implications for Project Implementation

Cost

Time
Legal

Scope of EIA

A Project Activity

A Project
A Set of Projects An Entire Region

Use of EIA

Planning Tool Preventive Measure Corrective Measure

Executing Agencies

Project Proponent (NTPC) Consultant

Private Govt. Agencies NGO

Regulatory Agency

Evaluating Agencies

Min. of Env. and Forests State Pollution Control Board Expert Committee of MOEF General Public

Funding Agency

Requirements for EIA

Requirements of MOEF

Environmental Guidelines for Thermal Plants (1987) MOEF Notification dated January 27, 1994, on EIA of Development Projects. World Bank Operational Directive OD 4.01 ADB Guidelines

Requirements of Funding Agencies

EIA Study

Core Area:
Area within 10 km radius around the project

General Area:
Area within 25 km radius around project

Rapid EIA:
One Seasons Data (3 months)

Comprehensive EIA
One Years Data

EIA Methodology

Establishing Present Scenario Establishing Project Features Predicting Impacts Predicting Future Scenario Planning Corrective Actions

Procedure

Primary Data Generation

Data Generated through Field Studies

Secondary Data Collection

Published/ Unpublished Data Collected from Literature/ other Sources

Prediction of Impacts Documentation

Disciplines of EIA
Land Use Water Use Hydrology Water Quality Meteorology Air Quality Noise

Geology Soils Sediments Terrestrial Ecology Aquatic Ecology Demography Socio-economics

Data Generation
Under Each Discipline Number of Sampling Stations Locations of Sampling Stations Parameters of Monitoring Frequency of Measurements Sampling and Analytical Procedures Based On Site Specific Conditions, such as Terrain, Meteorological Conditions, Ecosystems, Soil etc.

Field Work

Meteorology
Wind Speed, Direction, Temperature, Humidity, Solar Radiation, Atm. Pressure, Humidity

Water Quality
Min. 8 Locations Around 30 Parameters Monthly/Quarterly Measurements

Air Quality
Min. Four Locations Four Parameters Biweekly Measurement 24 Hourly Samples

Noise
Min. 10 locations Biannual Measurement 24 Hrly Measurements

Field Work

Sediments

Terrestrial Ecology
Survey for Flora, Fauna Ground Truth Verification Endangered Species Sensitive Areas Biannual Measurements

10 Locations 10-15 Parameters Biannual Measurements

Soils
10 Locations 10-15 Parameters Biannual Measurements

Aquatic Ecology

Min. 3 Locations Survey for Flora, Fauna Biannual Measurements Sensitive Areas Endangered Species

Field Work

Hydrology
Measurement of River Discharges Measurement of Reservoir Levels Measurement of Water Levels in wells Profiles of water bodies Pump Tests to Establish Ground Water Flow Direction

Demography and Socio-economics

Sample Survey Approximate Number of Homesteads and Project Affected Families Perception of Local Population, NGOs and Project Affected Families

Secondary Data Collection

Department of Agriculture
Water Quality

Municipal Board, Jal Nigam etc.

Environmental Monitoring Data

Soil Characteristics, Crop Pattern & Yield

Central and State Pollution Control Boards Central Ground Water Board
Water Resources and Water Quality

Central Inland Capture Fisheries Research Institute

Aquatic Ecology

Secondary Data Collection

Central Water Commission
Trees and Fruits

Department of Horticulture
Department of Irrigation

Water Resources, Hydrology

Department of Fisheries
Directorate of Census

Water Use, Water Quality Aquatic Ecology, Fish Resources

Land Use, Demography and Socio-economics

Secondary Data Collection

District Gazeteer District Industries Center
Data on Industries History, General Description

Geological Survey of India

Climatological Data

India Meteorological Department

Other Industries
Environmental Data

Geological Map, Section, Report

Public Health Departments

Health and Disease Pattern

Secondary Data Collection

Central and State Remote Sensing Agencies Revenue Department
Land Use Data Satellite Imageries

State Forest Departments Department of Statistics Survey of India

Forest Plan, National Parks and Wildlife Sanctuaries Statistical Data on Agriculture, Livestock Etc. Toposheets, Maps, Aerial Photographs Development Plans of the Area

Town and Country Planning Organisation

Project Features
1. Need of the Project
Present and Projected Demand Supply Position Justification for the Project Major Beneficiaries of the Project

Project Features
2. Site Description
Location and Approach Setting with respect to Geographic, Ecological and Social Context Details of Alternate Sites and Justification for Final Site Compliance of Final Site With Respect to MOEF Siting Criteria Existing and Proposed Industrial Profile of the Area

Project Features
3. Project Components
Salient Features of the Project and Offsite Facilities Land, Fuel and Water Requirements Land, Fuel and Water Availability (e.g. Commitments, Clearances and Linkages) Land, Fuel and Water Characteristics (e.g. Land Classification, Fuel Characteristics and Water Quality)

Project Features

Land Requirement for Project:

Break-up and Classification (Forest and Prime Agricultural Land, Govt. and Private Land, Number of Homesteads and Land Oustees, R&R Aspects)

Fuel Requirement
(Quantity and Quality Characteristics, Emissions Characteristics, Alternate Fuels and their Characteristics, Fuel Transportation System)

Project Features

Sources and Requirement of Water

(Detailed Break-up for for Construction and Operation Phases, Water Balance Diagram, Estimated Quantity and Quality of Effluents, Mode and Final Point of Discharge of Effluents, Alignment of Drains and Confluence Point with Major Water Bodies, Recycle/ Reuse Systems)

Layout of the Project Power Evacuation System

IMPACT ASSESSMENT
Quantitative and Qualitative Impacts Construction and Operation Phases Positive and Negative Impacts Short Term and Long Term Impacts Sensitive Areas

Habitat of Endangered Species of Wild Life or Plants Sites/monuments of Historical and Cultural Importance Centers with Concentrated Population in the Study Area

IMPACT ASSESSMENT
Environmental Mitigation Plan
Technically Feasible and Cost Effective Measures To Reduce Potentially Significant Adverse Impacts to Acceptable Levels. Compensatory Measures if Mitigation Measures are not Feasible, CostEffective or Sufficient

EIA Documentation
Need of the Project Project Features Baseline Environmental Scenario Impact Assessment Environmental Management Plan Green Belt Development Plan Environmental Monitoring Plan Risk Assessment and Disaster Mgmt. Plan Occupational Health and Safety

Environmental Impact Assessment

Detailed Methodology

LAND USE
Most Important Characteristics of Land

Support of Life Forests Agricultural Land (Irrigated or not) Culturable Waste Area Not Available for Cultivation

Land Use Pattern (Present, Past & Future)

Major Changes & Factors Responsible for Changes

LAND USE
Land Requirement for the Project

Plant Township Ash Disposal Corridors etc.

Classification Acquired

of

Land

Proposed

to

be

agricultural, forest or waste land Govt. land or private land

LAND USE
Source of Data

Satellite Imageries Ground Truth Verification Census Data Geographical Information System (GIS) Direct (due to land acquisition) Indirect (core-area or vicinity)

Impacts

DEMOGRAPHY AND SOCIO-ECONOMICS

Field Survey to identify
Approximate Number of Homesteads Approx. Nos. of Project Affected Families Perception of Local Population Perception of NGO's Perception of Project Affected Families

Detailed Socio-economic Survey

DEMOGRAPHY AND SOCIO-ECONOMICS

Characteristics of the Population (Present, Past and Future)

Male-Female Ratio Literacy Rate and Educational Pattern Religious Beliefs Family Structure Sources of Livelihood Occupational Structure status of health and disease pattern financial position etc Labour force (skilled/ unskilled, Men/Women)

DEMOGRAPHY AND SOCIO-ECONOMICS

Availability of Infrastructure Facilities

Health Services Water Supply, Road and Transport System Communication Sanitary Facilities Schools Fire Services Police Station

DEMOGRAPHY AND SOCIO-ECONOMICS

Impacts on socio-economic environment

Large Scale Immigration changes in infrastructural facilities, stress on amenities, cultural changes and conflicts health, sanitation, security and housing needs of the workforce. socio-cultural impacts of workforce on local communities.

SURFACE WATER HYDROLOGY

Topography Drainage

Pattern Flooding Pattern River Bed/ Bank Characteristics Drainage Map

Erosion

SURFACE WATER HYDROLOGY

Nature of the Water Streams: Historical Data on

Surface

and

Ground

Influent or Effluent

Monthly Water Discharge Lean Season Flow

Water Budget Based on Runoff, Evaporation, Evapo-transpiration and Infiltration Parameters

GROUND WATER HYDROLOGY

Aquifer Characteristics in Ash Disposal Area

Stratigraphical Sequence Confined or Unconfined Conditions Porosity Permeability Recharge and Drawdown Characteristics, and

Ground Water Flow Rates and Direction

GROUND WATER HYDROLOGY

Seasonal Water Table Fluctuations Long Term Changes in the Ground Water Conditions Present and Planned Use of Ground Water Recharge-Discharge of the Area Flow Net of the Area for Pre Monsoon

and Post Monsoon Periods

WATER USE

Identification of Sources of Water

Surface Water Ground Water

Establishing Trends of Water Use

Irrigation Industrial Domestic

Water Requirement for the Project Identification of Areas of Conflicts

WATER USE
Impacts of Withdrawal of Water on Downstream Users Impact of Discharge of Effluent on the Downstream Users Impacts of Construction Activities on Recharge of Aquifers Overall Impact of Construction and Operation of Project on Water Budget of the Area. Areas of Conflicts, if any.

WATER QUALITY
Establishment of Quality With Respect to

Criteria for Designated Best Use (IS: ****) Drinking Water Standards (IS:****).

Indicators of Pollution Probable Sources of Pollution Seasonal Variations in Water Quality.

WATER QUALITY PARAMETERS

Physical Parameters:
pH, Temp., DO, Conductivity, TSS

Chemical Parameters:
TSS, Alkalinity, Hardness, BOD, COD, NO3, PO4, Cl, SO4, Na, K, Ca, Mg, Silica, Oil & grease, Phenolic compounds

Bacteriological:
MPN & Total Coliform.

Heavy Metals:
As, Hg, Pb, Cd, Cr-6, Total Cr, Cu, Zn, Se, Fe

WATER QUALITY
Location
Surface and Ground Water Quality All Major Water Bodies (Rivers/ Canals/ Lakes/ Sea etc.) Influent/effluent Characteristics of the Streams Upstream/ Downstream Directions of Stream/ Ground Water Flow

WATER QUALITY
Methods

On-site Analysis and laoratory analysis Sample preservation (acidification and/or refrigeration) sample collection, preservation and analysis as per IS:***** and Standard Methods

IMPACTS ON SURFACE WATER QUALITY

Effluent Characteristics

Characteristics of Receiving Water Body Impact Assessment

Quantity/ Quality (Individual/ Final Effluent) Treatment Systems Critical parameters change in characteristics between plant and sink

quantitative impacts mathematical model Critical Periods (dry season/ lean flow period) Critical Parameters Temporal/Spatial variations

IMPACTS ON GROUND WATER QUALITY

Ash Leachate Characteristics

Lixiviation Tests

Geological Conditions
Rock Type, Permeability, Weathering Characteristics, Structural Features etc.

Hydrological Characteristics
Recharge and Drawdown Characteristics, Ground Water Flow Rates and Direction etc.

Prediction Model Geohydrological Studies

SEDIMENTS

Sediment Load of Rivers and Its Tributaries Sedimentation Rate of Lakes Surface Sediment Characteristics of Aquatic Ecosystems with respect to Pollutants and Biomass Characteristics
Metals Trace Elements Chlorinated Pesticides Benthos (Species Composition and Biomass)

Locations for Monitoring

Surface Water Quality Stations Waterbodies Receiving Effluents Monitoring Locations for Aquatic Ecology

GEOLOGY
Geological History, Geological Map and Geological Profile of the Study Area Stratigraphic Formations

Structural Safety Possibility of Ground Water Contamination due to Leachate from Ash Pond

Rock types Porosity Soil Stability Structural Features Weathering Characteristics Seismic Details

SOIL
For Plant, Township & Ash Disposal Areas (Pre and Post-monsoon Seasons)

Soil Profile (Vertical, Sub-surface) Soil Type (Classification: Clay, Sand Silt) Soil Characteristics

Special Tests for Soils in Ash Disposal Area

Infiltration & Permeability Characteristics Anion-cation Concentrations Heavy Metal Pollution Levels

Fertility Characteristics (Green Belt & Afforestation) Physico-chemical Characteristics Heavy Metals and Pollution Water Holding Capacity

SOIL

Colour Texture Soil Type pH Conductivity Sodium Absorption Ratio Cation Exchange Capacity Nitrogen Phosphorous Potassium

Soil Profile Permeability Infiltration Rate Water Holding Capacity Cations (Ca, Na, K) Anions (Cl, SO4, CO3) Heavy Metals (Cd, Total Cr, hexavalent Cr, Ni, As, Pb, Zn, Cu, etc.). Fertility of soil

SOIL
Impacts of Construction (e.g. Excavation, Filling, Overburden Dumping etc.)
Loss of Top-soil Change in Soil Characteristics

Impacts of Operation Phase Change in Soil Characteristics Due to

Fugitive Emissions Effluents Leachates

ECOLOGY
Description of the Habitat and Ecosystems with respect to
Degree of Disturbance Presence of Pollutants Nutrients Hazardous Materials

TERRESTRIAL ECOLOGY
Flora (Vegetation Type)

Density Diversity Frequency Cover Relative Abundance etc.

Fauna

Abundance of Wild Animals and Birds Path of Migratory Birds

TERRESTRIAL ECOLOGY
Flora and Fauna

most abundant species rare and endangered species ecologically sensitive species ecologically sensitive areas wet lands national parks/sanctuaries. economically/ genetically/ biologically important species

TERRESTRIAL ECOLOGY
Satellite imageries and ground truth verification Geographical Information System (GIS) seasonal sampling campaigns (premonsoon and post-monsoon seasons)

TERRESTRIAL ECOLOGY
Mainly Due to Impacts of Air Pollution

Fugitive Emissions Stack Emissions Short term, long term and seasonal impacts

Impacts of Construction Phase

changes in natural habitat condition of flora and fauna. changes in number, diversity and productivity of species barrier to migration/ movement of wild animals and birds Emigration of wildlife

TERRESTRIAL ECOLOGY
Impacts of Operation Phase

air pollution tolerance levels of the species sensitivity of the species to the pollutants and threshold levels special reference to endangered species Impacts on abundant and endangered plant species, agricultural yield of economic crops Potential health problems cumulative ecological effects including aesthetics.

AQUATIC ECOLOGY
literature review and seasonal field studies covering all major surface water bodies Density, Diversity and Abundance of
phytoplanktons and zooplanktons fishes benthic organisms macrophytes

relative abundance of fish species characterisation of ecosystems for

Rare and Endangered Species

trophic status primary productivity bio-diversity areas of chemical and thermal pollution spawning and breeding habitats of aquatic species

AQUATIC ECOLOGY
Impacts

Specially on Sensitive and Endangered Species During Dry Season Changes in Turbidity and Sediment Loads Entrapment and Impingement of Organisms Changes in Surface Water Quality
pH, Temperature, TSS, TDS, Oil and Grease, Heavy Metals and Chlorinated Organic Chemicals.

METEOROLOGY

Collection of One Years Site Meteorological Data through Fully Instrumented Continuous Recording Meteorological Observatory for
Wind Speed & Direction (Hourly Averages) Max. & Min. Temperatures at 2 m and 10m levels Wet & Dry Bulb Temperatures at 2 m level Solar Radiation Humidity and Atmospheric Pressure Rainfall Storm Rain Water Analysis for pH, Sulphate, Nitrate, Chloride and Solids

Intensity and Duration of Various Weather Phenomena Like Hail, Thunder, Storms, Fog/smog and Cloud Cover Data on Frequency of Cyclones, Lightening, Cloud Burst Hourly Stability Class

METEOROLOGY

Establishing Climatological Conditions of Site Characterisation of Site With Respect to

Coastal Terrain

Inland Terrain Complex Terrain Lake Effect Comparison Between IMD and Site Data Analysis and Presentation of Meteorological Data
Wind Roses (Seasonal and Annual) IMD and Site Data. Input for Mathematical Modelling

AIR QUALITY

Establishment of Ambient Air Quality with respect to

Sulphur Di-Oxide (SO2) Oxides of Nitrogen (NOx) Suspended Particulate Matter (SPM) Respirable Particulate Matter (RPM)

24 Hour Sampling at Several Locations Twice a Week for a Period of One Year Selection of Monitoring Locations depends on
Results of Air Quality Predictions Land Use Pattern of the Area Population Distribution One Location is selected in Upwind and One in Downwind Direction

AIR QUALITY

Monitoring Results Analysed and Presented As

Maximum, Minimum, Average, Standard Deviation and 98 Percentile Values Pollution Map of the Area Showing Sources of Pollution and Variance of Pollution of Concern Probable Reasons for Abnormally High/ Low Values. Seasonal and Annual Variations in the Pollutant Levels Comparison With National Ambient Air Quality Standards

AIR QUALITY

pollutants of concern depending on regulatory requirements, site meteorology, regional characteristics, industrial activities probable sources of pollution (e.g. traffic, domestic, loose soil, construction activities, fumes etc.)

AIR QUALITY

Direction and Distance of Points of Maximum Impact. Computer Based Mathematical Air Quality Model for Air Quality Prediction (CPCB, ISC)
Short-term and Long-term Predictions 24 Hourly, Seasonal and Annual Predictions Graphical Presentation of Results (Isopleths)

Input to the Models

Emission Characteristics, Meteorological Data Topography

Modelling for Various Fuels/ Fuel Combinations

NOISE

various zones of study area like

Industrial Commercial Residential Sensitive

pre and post monsoon seasons. continuously for 24 hours at each location equivalent continuous noise level (Leq) for day and night integrating sound level meter

NOISE
Parameters

like L10, L50 and L90 values hourly Leq values Leq values for 24 hours, Lday and Lnight Ambient Air Quality Standards for Noise

NOISE

Sources of noise and its strength for various equipment source strengths at the plant boundary, township and nearby villages Multi source attenuation model for prediction of noise levels at varying distances Predicted noise levels shall be presented as Isopleths drawn on Lay out Plan measured noise (Leq) at monitoring locations to that of predicted noise levels (Leq) mitigatory measures (attenuation) required during construction and operation phases

Environmental Impact Assessment

Documentation

POST STUDY MONITORING PLAN

Requirements of Regulatory Agencies Parameters/ Critical Parameters Locations for Monitoring Frequency of Monitoring Monitoring Equipment Methodology of Monitoring Ambient Environment Emissions and Discharges

Post operational Monitoring

Meteorology Air Pollution

Water Pollution

Stack Emission Ambient Air Quality

Effluents Surface/ Ground Water Quality

Noise Soil Terrestrial and Aquatic Ecology

GREEN BELT DEVELOPMENT PLAN

Project Areas

Site and Township Plant Species Pattern Technique

to Be Planted

Suitable

Plantation Plantation

Infrastructures

Required

ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN

Significant Impacts Requirements of the Regulatory Agencies Mitigation of Adverse Impacts

Review of Mitigation Measures Envisaged Project Report Suggest Additional Mitigation Measures and Pollution Control Measures,

Separate Plans for

Construction Phase and Operation Phase

DISASTER MANAGEMENT PLAN

On-site and Off-site Disaster Management Plans (DMP) To deal with emergency situation arising due to fire, explosion and leakages of hazardous substances, etc. distances of various radiation intensities from the center of liquid pool shall be simulated using suitable model in case of fire in storage of large quantities of liquid fuel. storage, handling, transportation etc. for the hazardous and toxic materials such as bulk fuel, chlorine, acids and alkalies etc. including spill containment, control, and countermeasure (SPCC) Plan. It shall include descriptions of design-related measures as well as lists and procedures for use of spill control and cleanup equipment and materials.

OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH AND SAFETY

Identification of Potential Occupational Health & Safety Risks during Construction & Operation

Exposure Exposure Exposure Exposure

to to to to

Dust from Coal and Ash Noise and Vibration Toxic Gases Heat

Plan to Mitigate Health and Safety Risks

Safety and Protective Measures Personal Protection Measures Medical Personnel and Facilities Emergency Measures Job Rotation

LAND REQUIREMENT
1000 MW Coal Based:
Main Plant Area 700 Acres (including coal storage and switchyard) Township 125 Acres Ash Disposal Area 800 Acres Offsite Facilities 500 Acres (MGR, pipeline corridor, water reservoir depending on specific requirements) Green Belt 100 Acres

LAND REQUIREMENT
650 MW Gas Based:
Main Plant Area 300 Acres (including switchyard) Township 50 Acres Offsite Facilities 100 Acres (water reservoir depending on requirements)

ENV. ACTS/ STANDARDS

Wildlife (Protection) Act, 1974 Water (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1974 and its Amendments Water (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Cess Act, 1977 and its Amendments Air (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1981 and its Amendments Environment (Protection) Act, 1986 Forest (Conservation) Act 1980 and its Amendments Public Liability Insurance Act, 1991 and its Amendments

Notifications
EIA Notification dated 27.01.94 and its Amendment Public Hearing Notification dated 10.04.97 Delegation of Powers to State Government for Processing Environmental Clearance for Thermal Power Projects Notification dated 10.04.97 Procedure for seeking Environmental Clearance of Projects Notification dated 10.04.97 Hazardous Waste (Management and Handling) Rules, 1989 Manufacture, Storage and Import of Hazardous Chemical Rules, 1989

Environment (Protection) Rules, 1986 and its Amendments

Effluent Standard Notification dated 12.09.88 Ambient Noise Standards Notification dated 26.12.89 Particulate Matter Emission Standards Notification dated 03.01.89 Stack Height for Thermal Power Plants Notification dated 30.08.90 Coastal Regulation Zone Notification dated 19.12.91 General Standards for Discharge of Environmental Pollutants: Effluents and Emissions Notification dated 19.05.93 Ambient Air Quality Standards Notification dated 11.04.94 Use of beneficiated coal for TPP Notification dated 19.09.97 Use of fly ash for brick making in a radius of 50 km from TPP Notification dated 02.04.98 Conserving to soil and promoting fly ash utilization Notification dated 22.05.98 (Draft Stage)

COST OF ENV. PROTECTION: Gas Projects

DESCRIPTION OF ITEM
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. Chimney Cooling Tower DM Plant Waste Treatment Control of Fire and Explosion Sewage Treatment Environmental Laboratory NOx Control Effluent Treatment Plant Total

COST (Rs. in Crores) 3.6 14.2 1.5 0.5 1.1 0.5 28.9 3.0 53.3 Approximately 3.5 % of the Project Cost

COST OF ENV. PROTECTION: Coal Based Projects

DESCRIPTION OF ITEM 1. Electrostatic Precipitators 2. Chimney 3. Cooling Tower 4. Ash Handling Civil Works 5. Ash Handling Mechanical Works 6. Ash Dyke 7. Ash Water Recirculation 8. Central Effluent Treatment Plant 9. Dust Extraction & Suppression System 10. DM Plant Waste Treatment COST (Rs. in Crores) 60.6 22.5 44.9 7.3 68.2 65.7 5.6 7.5 5.6 1.6

COST OF ENV. PROTECTION: Coal Based Projects

10. DM Plant Waste Treatment 11. Control of Fire and Explosion 12. Sewage Treatment 13. Environmental Laboratory 14. Green Belt 15. Afforestation 16. Rehabilitation and Resetttlement Total 1.6 9.8 2.0 0.2 4.0 0.7 22.3 328.5 Approximately 9.5% of the Project Cost

Environmental Studies
Project

Specific EIA Studies Integrated EIA Studies Ecological Monitoring Studies Geo-hydrological Studies Hot Water Discharge Studies Socio-economic Studies

Ash Disposal
Wet/

Dry Ash Disposal Systems Minimising Land Requirements

Ash Utilisation Raising Ash Dyke Height
Minimising

Ash Water Recirculation/ Reuse Dry Ash Disposal System

Water Requirements

Ash

Pond Reclamation

Environmental Management
Site EIA

Selection

Study
Clearances of EMP - Monitoring/

Statutory

Env.

Management Plan (EMP)

Implementation

Audits

Organisational Set-up
At

Corporate Center:
Environmental Management Group Environmental Science Group Ash Utilization Group Environmental Engineering Group Rehabilitation & Resettlement Safety, Welfare, Horticulture & Public Health

Organisational Set-up
At

Regional Headquarters
Environmental Management Group

At

Environmental Management Group Environmental Chemistry Group ESP Management Group Ash Utilization Group Environmental Engineering Group Rehabilitation & Resettlement Safety, Welfare, Horticulture & Public Health

Stations:

Environmental Monitoring
Meteorology Air Pollution

Water Pollution

Stack Emission Ambient Air Quality

Effluents Surface/ Ground Water Quality

Noise Soil Terrestrial and Aquatic Ecology

Env. Management: Land Env.

Issues
Diversion of Agricultural Land Diversion of Forest Land Displacement of Population Rehabilitation and Resettlement Solid Waste Disposal

Measures

Judicious Siting Compensatory/ Additional Afforestation Rehabilitation and Resettlement Measures

Env. Management: Air Env.

Issues
Stack Emissions (SPM, SO2, NOx) Fugitive Emissions from Construction Fugitive Emissions from CHP Fugitive Emissions from Ash Ponds

Measures

Electrostatic Precipitators Improved Burner Design Improved Combustion Efficiency

Env. Management: Air Env.

Stack (220/ 270 m Height) Flue Gas Desulphurisation System Water Spray/ Water Cover Dust Extraction/ Suppression Systems Plantation/ Green Belt Development

Env. Management: Water Env.

Issues
Thermal Discharge Main Plant Effluents Sanitary Waste from Plant and Township Ground Water Pollution due to Leachates

Measures

Water Conservation Effluent Recycle/ Reuse Cooling Towers Effluent/ Sewage Treatment Plant Proper Design, Construction and Operation of Waste Disposal Sites

Env. Management: Noise Env.

Issues Measures
Inside Main Plant Buildings Ambient Noise Levels Design of Equipment & Covers Protection of Workers in High Noise Areas Plantation/ Green Belt Development

Env. Management: Social Env.

Issues
Loss of Land and/or House Loss of Livelihood Increase expectancy in lifestyle Cultural Conflicts

Measures

Rehabilitation Resettlement Community Development

Siting Criteria

Location of the Following within a radius of 25 km. of the site metropolitan cities, national parks, wildlife sanctuaries ecologically sensitive areas like tropical forests, important lakes, biosphere reserves, coastal areas rich in coral reef Distance of Proposed Site from flood plain of the riverine system, highways and coastal area Identification of the Following Places within a radius of 10 kms. of the Plant archaeological importance, historical importance, cultural importance, religious importance, tourist interests and defence installations Flood, cyclone or earthquake proneness of the area Applicability of coastal regulation zone notification Industrial Development Plan of the Area Infrastructural Development Plan of the Area