Mobile IP, or TCP/IP on tour

Distribuerade
system, VT2000
Jerry.Eriksson@cs.umu.se
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Outline
❚ Why Mobility? ❚ Future: Mobility for
❚ IP routing, very IPV6
short ❚ Open Issues
❚ The need for ❙ TCP performance
Mobile IP. ❙ (RSVP and Real-
Time Traffic)
❚ Mobile IP -
❙ Service Location
Overview
❚ Summary and
❚ The Gory Details
future for Mobile IP
❚ Tunneling
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Mobile IP: A standard for mobile
computing and networking
❚ Computers doesn’t ❚ Example 1: Un-
stay put. plug at campus,
❚ Change location and plug it back at
without restart its home
application or ❚ Example 2: Un-
terminating any plug from office,
ongoing let the wireless
communication network take over

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IP Networking
❚ Protocol layer ❚ IP addresses
❙ Network Layer ❙ Network-prefix
❙ Transport Layer ❙ Host portion
❚ What does IP do ❚ IP Routing
❙ moving packets ❙ Packet Header
from source to ❙ Network-prefix
destination ❙ Every node on the
❚ No ’end-to-end’ same link has the
guarantees same network-
prefix
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The Need for Mobile IP
❚ Fig 3.1
❚ host Specific Routes (too costly)
❚ Node’s IP address (TCP fails)
❚ Link layer (Too many standards)

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Mobile IP Solves the following
problems
❚ If a node moves ❚ If a node changes
from one link to its IP address when
another without it moves, it will
chnging its IP have to terminate
address, it will be and restart any on-
unable to receive going
packets at the new communications
link; and each time it moves

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Mobile IP Overview
❚ Proposed as a ❚ Routing protocol
Standard in ❙ Route packets to
November 1996 nodes that could
potentially change
❚ Solution for
location very
Internet rapidly
❙ Scalable, robust,
❚ Layer 4-7, outside
secure, maintain
communication Mobile IP, but will
❙ Use their be of major
permanent IP interest (TCP, for
address example)
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Reqiurements for Mobile IP; A
node must be able to
❚ Communicate wtih ❚ Communicate with
other nodes after other computers
changing its link- not using Mobile IP.
Layer attachment ❚ Handle security
to the internet. threats efficiently
❚ Communicate
using only its home
IP address.

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Design goals

❚ Size and and the frequency as small as

possible
❚ Simple to implement.
❚ Aviod solutions that uses multilpe IP
adresses (Running out of IPv4 adresses

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4.7: Mobile IP Entities and
Relationships (Fig. 4-1)
❚ Mobile Node (mobilen)
❚ Home Agent (Hemagent)
❚ Foreign agent (fjärragent)
❚ Home link (hemmalänk)
❚ Foreign Link (fjärrlänk)
❚ care-of-addresses (c/o, besöksadress)

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Home agent
❚ A router with an interface on the mobile
node’ home link
❙ Node keep the Home agent informed of its current
location (care-of-addresses)
❙ Advertises reachability to the network-prefix of
the mobile node’s home adress (Attracting IP
adresses)
❙ intercepts packets destined to the mobile node’s
home adress and tunnels them to (c/o)

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Foreign Agent
❚ A router on a mobile node’s foreign
link which
❙ assists the mobile node in informaing its
home agent of its current (c/o)
❙ provides (c/o) adress and de-tunnels
packets (sent from the home agent)
❙ default router generated by the mobile
node.

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Tunneling
❚ An encapsulating IP packet including a
path and an original IP packet
❚ Figure 4-2

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Definitions on ’Home’
❚ Home Adress - IP adress permanently
assigned to a mobile node (Does not
change)
❚ Home Link - network-prefix of the mobile
node’s home address define its home link
❚ Home agent - A router that has at least
one interface on the mbile node’s home
link

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Definitions on c/o
❚ A c/o is specific to the foreign link currently
being visited by a mobile node.
❚ A node’s c/o changes every time the mobile
node moves from one foreign link to another
❚ Packets desitnated to a c/o can be delivered
using existing Internet routing mechanisms
❚ A c/o is used as an exit pont of a tunnel from
the home agent toward the mobile node

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4.8: A high Level desription
(Fig. 4-3)
❚ Home agents and foreign agents advertise
their presence by periodically multicasting
(broadcasting)
❙ Agent advertisements
❚ Mobile node’s listens to Agent
advertisements (I am a home or away)
❚ A mobile node connected to a foreign link
acquires a c/o adress
❚ Mobile node registers its c/o address with its
home agent
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4.8: A high Level desription
(Fig. 4-3) Cont:
❚ Home agent adverties reachibility to the
netwrok-prefix of the mobile node’s home
link (Attracting packets sent to the mobiles
home adress.
❙ Intercept these messages and tunnels them to the
C/O
❚ At C/O, the original packet is extracted from
the tunnel and then delivered to the mobile
node
❚ In reverse odirection, packets sent from the
mobile node are routed directly to thier 17
5: The gory details
❚ Agent Discovery
❙ Determines whether it is currently connected
to its home link or a foreign link.
❙ Detects whether it has moved from one link to
another
❙ obtains a care-of adress when connected to a
foreign link

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5.2.1: Messages
❚ Agent advertisements; Used by agents to
announce their capabilities to mobile
nodes
❙ Agent advertisements are continuously
transmitted (multicast/broadcoast) on a specific
link
❙ Allow the mobiles to determine whether any
agent is present (gets identities)
❚ Agent solicitations; are sent by mobile that
do not have the patience to wait for an
Agent advertisment 19
5.2.2 How does a mobile node
detrmine that is has moved?
❚ Using Lifetime: Tells the mobile how soon
it should expect to hear another Agent
Advertisment.
❙ AA three times faster than Lifetime
❚ Multiple foreign agents

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5.3 What is registration
❚ A mobile node
❙ register whenever it detects that it has chnged link
from one network to another.
❙ Reregisters when it has not moved, but when it
existing registration due to expire.
❚ Mobile IP registration is the process by which a mobile
node:
❙ requests routing services from a foreign agent or
foreign link
❙ informs its home agent of its current care-of-
address.
❙ Renews a registration due to expire
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❙ deregisters when it returns to its home link
5.3.1 Registration scenarios
❚ A registration consists of an exchange of a
Registration request and a Registration
Reply between a mobile node and its
home agent.
❚ Three common scenarios:
❙ Using foreign agent c/o
❙ Using collocated c/o
❙ deregisters upon returning home

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5.3.2 How do nodes Process
registrations
❚ Se summary

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5.3.3 How can a Mobile learn

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5.3.4. How Does

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5.4: How are the Packets
routed

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5.4.6 Why the triangle routing

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5.5 Summary
❚ Agent Discovery
❚ Registration
❚ Routing

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Tunneling: 6.1 IP
Encapsulation

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Future Topics; Work in progress
12: IPv6 vs IPv4
❚ Size adresses: 128 bits vs 32 bits
❙ No real chance of running out of adresses
❙ A single newtowrk-prefix route
❙ Autoconfigure using very simple
mechanisms
❚ Less frequently used fields in IPv4
moved into optional
❚ IPv6 more rigorously defined (more
useful)

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12.2 Relevant to Mobile IP V6
❚ Larger adresses - No need for Foreign agents
❙ Collocated C/O is the only one needed, snice there
are sufficient IP adresses
❚ New routing Header help
❙ Security attack (less options)
❙ Very fast forward desicion- not all routers need to
read by every router, Router Discovery
❙ Static Address Autoconfiguration -

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12.1.1 Headers
❚ Base: Priority fields, Flow label (Real-time
traffic)
❚ Extension headers: Form a chain of
headers

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12.4 How Does it work

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12.5 How does a Mobile ...

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12.6 How Does

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12.8: IP V6 summary

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13: Open Issues. 13.1: TCP
Performance and Mobility

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13.1.1: What is TCP

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13.1.2: How does TCP works

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13.1.3: Are TCP’s ..

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13.1.4: How can TCP

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13.2 RSVP and Real-Time
Traffic

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13.3 Service Location

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14: Summary
❚ Background
❚ Terminology
❚ Applying Mobile IP
❚ Open Issues

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14: The future of Mobile IP

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