PRNICIPLES
Microwave TE
Microwave TE
MUX/DEMUX
Microwave communication
MUX/DEMUX
Satellite communication
Basic about E1
The North American use T-1, E1 is the European format for digital transmission. E1 carries signals at 2 Mbps (32 channels at 64Kbps, with 2 channels reserved for signaling and controlling), versus the T1, which carries signals at 1.544 Mbps (24 channels at 64Kbps). E1 and T1 lines may be interconnected for international us
The RF unit is an outdoor unit (ODU). The IF, signal processing, and MUX/DEMUX units are integrated in the indoor unit (IDU). The ODU and IDU are connected through an IF cable. The ODU can either be directly mounted onto the antenna or connected to the antenna through a short soft waveguide. Although the capacity is smaller than the trunk, due to the easy installation and maintenance, fast network construction, its the most widely used microwave equipment.
DIAGRAME
Antenna
IF cable ODU (Outdoor Unit)
DIAGRAME
Separate Mount Direct Mount
antenna (direct mount) antenna (separate mount) Soft waveguide ODU IF cable IF cable
ODU
IDU
RF cable
RF or Radio Frequency is a term that is often used to describe the number of times per second or oscillation of an electromagnet radiation. Anything between 3Hz and 300GHz is still referred to as RF waves, but they are subdivided depending on the actual frequency. Microwave is the general term used to describe RF waves that starts from UHF (Ultra High Frequency) to EHF (Extremely High Frequency) which covers all frequencies between 300Mhz to 300GHz, lower frequencies are referred to as radio waves while higher frequencies are called millimeter waves. An RF cable is one that is designed for use with radio frequency signals. It is usually coaxial, though paired conductors or shielded pairs of twisted wires used for lower frequency applications could also be considered in this category.
During antenna adjustment, change the direction vertically or horizontally. Meanwhile, use a multimeter to test the RSSI at the receiving end. Usually, the voltage wave will be displayed as shown in the lower right corner. The peak point of the voltage wave indicates the main lobe position in the vertical or horizontal direction. Large-scope adjustment is unnecessary. Perform fine adjustment on the antenna to the peak voltage point. When antennas are poorly aligned, a small voltage may be detected in one direction. In this case, perform coarse adjustment on the antennas at both ends, so that the antennas are roughly aligned. The antennas at both ends that are well aligned face a little bit upward. Though 12 dB is lost, reflection interference will be avoided.
Diagram
Wrong
Wrong
Correct
Cables types
Twisted Pair Advantages Inexpensive and readily available Flexible and light weight Easy to work with and install Twisted Pair Disadvantages Susceptibility to interference and noise Attenuation problem
For analog, repeaters needed every 5-6km For digital, repeaters needed every 2-3km
insulating material
Coax Advantages
Higher bandwidth
400 to 600Mhz up to 10,800 voice conversations
Can be tapped easily (pros and cons) Much less susceptible to interference than twisted pair
Coax Disadvantages
High attenuation rate makes it expensive over long distance Bulky