CH8 Islam

Ch.
8: ISLAM
Section 1: The Rise of Islam TODAYS OBJECTIVES:
Happy Ramadan ! Locate and describe Arabia in the period before the rise of Islam. Begins tomorrow! Explain how the prophet Muhammad became the prophet and how he began to unify the Arabian Peninsula under Islam. Identify the basic beliefs and practices of Islam.
WHAT DO YOU KNOW ABOUT ISLAM?

Write these definitions on p. 3 in your packet:
ISLAM the religion founded by Muhammad in Arabia around 630 C.E. MUSLIM a person who is a follower of the Islamic religion.
Allah God in Arabic.

Quran the holy book of the Muslims. (Koran)
Insert Arabia map
Medina Mecca
PP Design of T. Loessin; Akins H.S.

It is the fastest growing religion in the world. In 1997, the percentage of humans who regarded themselves as Christian rose only from 33.7% in 1970 to 33.9% in 1996. Its total number of adherents is growing at about 2.3% annually. Islam is currently spreading at a faster rate: about 3.9% and is thus increasing its market share. Populations in mostly Christian countries are remaining level and, in some cases, declining. Consequently, the percentage of Christians in the world is predicted to be at approximately 25% of the world's population by 2025. As a result of the extremely high rates of population growth in their major nations, the proportion of Muslims in the world continues to increase dramatically. Islam will probably account for about 30% of the world's population by 2025.
~ U.S. Center for Christian World Missions, 2000.
Christianity
Holy Book ?
Jewish TORAH
Christian BIBLE Taking the J / C / I Quiz Mark each statement with a
Islamic KORAN (Quran)
J for Judaism C for Christianity I for Islam

5 minutes
PACKET, p. 5
Introduction to Islam: The Quran

What is one belief that Muslims, Jews, and Christians all share? How do Muslims view Jesus?
What does this Quran passage tell you about how Muslims view the teachings of the Hebrew prophets and Jesus?
Insert transparency of Quran quote
CH 10, Sec. 1: The Rise of Islam
Packet, p. 3
Textbook, p. 234
The Prophet Muhammad

CAUSE
1. What were Muhammads revelations? He believed God spoke to him through the Angel Gabriel that he was the last of the great prophets now had to teach others that Allah was the one and only God and all the other gods in Arabia had to be abandoned.
Packet, p. 3
Textbook, p. 235

EFFECTS
2. Why were Muhammads ideas unpopular in Mecca? Muhammads new idea of one God (monotheism) angered those who, for centuries, had worshiped the many traditional Arab gods. Meccas economy thrived on the pilgrimages of Arabs who came to make frequent visits to shrines of the many gods. If there was only one God, the visitors would stop coming, and so would the lucrative trade income.
Hijrah Muhammads flight from Mecca to Medina in 622.
map
Medina Mecca
DID YOU KNOW? The Islamic world begins its calendear Year 1 with this event.
In other words, our year 622 A.D. is their year 1 A.H.

This year, 2004 A.D., is year 1425 A.H. in the Islamic world.
To learn the formula for figuring the Islamic year, visit www.islam.com
Packet, p. 3
Textbook, p. 235

EFFECT
3. In what way(s) was the Hijrah a turning point? Meccas opposition to Muhammad only brought attention to his new religious message and he gained a wide following in Medina. Besides a religious leader, he now became a political leader uniting the various Arab tribesmen. He was also forced into a position as a military leader now in the conflict between Mecca and Medina.
map
Medina Mecca
Packet, p. 3
Textbook, p. 235

EFFECT
4. Why was Muhammads return to Mecca important? Muhammed used Mecca as a base from which to work toward unifying the entire Arabian peninsula.
map
Medina Mecca
Rome
Constantinople
SPAIN
Mediterranean Sea
BYZANTINE EMPIRE
Alexandria
NORTH AFRICA
Jerusalem
Baghdad
R Medina e d Mecca
Persian Gulf
ARABIA
e a Arabian Sea
What was Arabian society like before Muhammad came on the scene? See Textbook p. 233
Packet, p. 3
Textbook, p.
Beliefs & Practices of Islam 5. What does Islam teach its followers?
Monotheism - There is only one God (Allah). Each person is responsible for his or her own actions. Allah will judge all people on a final judgment day. B. More Definitions Mosque place of worship for Muslims Minaret prayer tower Muezzin prayer crier, he cries out the time of prayer 5 times a day.
See textbook pic, p. 237 Muslim Prayer
Packet, p. 3
Textbook, p. 236
Beliefs & Practices of Islam B. More Definitions The Five Pillars five requirements of a Muslims life.
The Hajj Climaxes here. See Textbook, p. 259
Muslims circling around the sacred Ka`aba in Mecca, climax of the hajj pilgrimage.
Packet, p. 3
Textbook, p.
Beliefs & Practices of Islam B. More Definitions hajj pilgrimage to Mecca all Muslims must make in their lifetime. Sunna Muhammads model for proper living. shariah a system of laws in Islam.
Packet, p. 3
Textbook, p. 236
Beliefs & Practices of Islam 6. How does carrying out the Five Pillars and other laws of Islam affect the daily lives of Muslims? Muslims do not separate their personal life from their religious life. Carrying out the Five Pillars daily as well as other customs ensures that Muslims live their faith while serving in the community.
A Muslim woman wears a hijab.
Packet, p. 3
Textbook, p. 237
Beliefs & Practices of Islam 7. How did observing Islamic teachings help to create unity among Muslims? Because Muhammad wrote the Quran in Arabic and all followers are required to read it, that one language and that one religion created unity. The SIGNIFICANCE of Muhammad is he single-handedly unified hundreds of nomadic tribes in Arabia who spoke different languages and worshipped hundreds of different gods. He did this with one tool: the Quran !
Written in a COMMON LANGUAGE (Arabic)

+
providing a COMMON RELIGION (Islam)

=
he achieved Arabian UNITY.

Packet, p. 3
Textbook, p. 237
Beliefs & Practices of Islam

8. How did Islamic law affect Muslim attitudes toward Christians and Jews?
Shariah law required Muslims to extend religious tolerance to Christians and Jews the people of the book.
Ch. 10: ISLAM

Section 2: The Spread of Islam TODAYS OBJECTIVES:
Describe how Muhammads successors spread Islam. List sources of conflict within the Umayyad Muslim state that led to the two major divisions / branches of Islam today. Identify on a map the major Muslim capitals / caliphates.
Rome
Constantinople
SPAIN
Cordoba Mediterranean Sea
BYZANTINE EMPIRE
Damascus
NORTH AFRICA
Alexandria Cairo
..
Jerusalem
Baghdad
R Medina e d Mecca
Persian Gulf
ARABIA
e a Arabian Sea
Islam
Section 2 Muhammads Successors Spread Islam
CH 10, Sec. 2: The Spread of Islam Packet, p. 9
Textbook, p. 238
Death of Muhammad, ca. 632 C.E.

Muhammad had not named a successor or instructed his followers how to choose one. Relying on ancient tribal custom, the Muslim community elected Abu-Bakr as the new leader and Muhammads first successor. He had been a loyal friend of Muhammad, accompanied him on the Hejirah, and a man respected for his devotion to Islam.
Under Abu-Bakr, the collection of Mohammad's revelations were recorded in the Quran.
Illuminated Qur'an
Textbook, p. 238
In 632, Abu-Bakr became the first caliph (KAYlihf), a title that means successor or deputy.
Textbook, p. 238
1. What did the rightly guided caliphs use as guides to leadership?
The Quran and Muhammads actions in life.
Rightly Guided Caliphs

Abu-Bakr and the next three elected caliphsUmar, Uthman, and Aliall had known Muhammad and supported his mission. They used the Quran and Muhammads actions as guides to leadership. For this, they are known as the rightly guided caliphs.
The region ruled by a caliph was called a caliphate.

What is the meaning of the word caliph? Caliph means successor

Abu-Bakr had promised the Muslim community he would uphold what Muhammad stood for. For two years, Abu-Bakr used military force to reassert the authority of Muhammads successors in the Muslim community. By the time Abu-Bakr died in 634, the Muslim state controlled all of Arabia.
Examine the maps in your packet that show the Spread of Islam
Abu-Bakar

Under Umar, the second caliph, swift and highly disciplined armies conquered Syria and lower Egypt, which were part of the Byzantine Empire. The next two caliphs, Uthman and Ali, continued to expand Muslim territory both eastward and westward. By 750, from the Atlantic Ocean to the Indus River, the Muslim Empire stretched 6,000 milesabout two times the distance across the continental United States.
Textbook, p. 238

2. What changes did they make during their rule?
They mobilized highly-disciplined armies that conquered Arabia, parts of the Byzantine Empire, and Persia.
Textbook, p. 238

3. Why were they successful in their quest to expand the empire and spread Islam?
Muslims were willing to fight to extend and defend Islam. Armies were well-disciplined and expertly commanded. The Byzantine and Persian empires were weak at this time. People who had suffered religious persecution welcomed the more tolerant Islamic empire.
Persecutions in Persia of those who did not practice official Zoroastrianism, as well as persecution in the Byzantine empire of those who did not practice official Christianity, was widespread at this time.
The persecuted often referred to the Islamic invaders as liberators. PP Design of T. Loessin; Akins H.S.
Textbook, p. 239
Treatment of Conquered Peoples

Many conquered peoples chose to accept Islam. They were attracted by the appeal of the message of Islam, as well as by the economic benefit for Muslims of not having to pay a poll tax. Christians and Jews, as people of the book, were allowed to practice their faiths freely and even received special consideration. Christians and Jews played important roles as officials, scholars, and bureaucrats in the Muslim state. In practice, tolerance like this was extended to other groups as well.
Textbook, p. 239
Internal Conflict Creates a Crisis

The murder of Uthman in 656 triggered a civil war, with various groups struggling for power. A family known as the Umayyad (ooMYEyadz) came to power. They set up a hereditary system of succession.
The Umayyads
When the Umayyads came to power after a bloody civil war, they set up a hereditary system of succession.
Umayyad Mosque
4. What ended the elective system of choosing a caliph?
Textbook, p. 239
The Umayyads
5. What other changes did they make during their rule?
They moved the capital to Damascus. They abandoned the simple life of previous caliphs, and began surrounding themselves with wealth and ceremonies.
When you look at the expanse of the lands conquered by the Umayyad, what logistical reason might they have had for relocating the capital to Damascus?
Rome
Constantinople
SPAIN
BYZANTINE EMPIRE
Damascus
NORTH AFRICA
Alexandria Cairo
..
Jerusalem
Baghdad
R Medina e d Mecca
Persian Gulf
ARABIA
e a Arabian Sea
SunniShia Split In the interest of peace, the majority of Muslims accepted the Umayyads rule. A minority did continue to resist, and around some of these groups an alternate view of the office of caliph developed. In this view, the caliphthe person most responsible for spreading Muhammads messageneeded to be a relative of the Prophet.
SunniShia Split
This group was called Shia, meaning the party of Ali. Those who did not outwardly resist the rule of the Umayyads later became known as Sunni, meaning followers of Muhammads example. Another group, the Sufi (SOOfee), reacted to the luxurious life of the Umayyads by pursuing a life of poverty and devotion to a spiritual path.
The Sufi They tried to achieve direct personal contact with God through mystical means, such as meditation and chanting. In some ways they were similar to Christian and Buddhist monks. The Sufis played an important role in keeping Muslims focused on the Quran and tradition.
The Sufi Later, they became very active as missionaries in newly conquered lands. Another religious development was the growth of scholarship in various branches of Islamic learning and law. The study of the traditions of Muhammad, Arabic language, and the development of schools of sharia established standards of Islamic conduct.
Textbook, p. 240
The Umayyads
6. What led to the downfall of the Umayyads?
The division of Islam into Sunni, Shia, and Sufi branches. The Sunni and Shia had different ideas about leadership; and the Sufi practiced lives of extreme poverty and religious devotion.
B. The 3 Different Branches or Sects Within Islam Sunni choose their caliph by election. Approx. 80% Muslims are Sunni. Shia believe the caliph must be a relative of Muhammad. Approx. 17% Muslims are Shia. Sufi abandon material possessions, live simple monastic life
Umayyad mosque, Damascus.
Textbook, p. 240
The Abbasids
Vigorous religious and political opposition to the Umayyad caliphate led to its downfall. Especially troubling to Muslims was the Umayyad obsession with material wealth. Rebel groups overthrew the Umayyads in the year 750. The most powerful of those groups, the Abbasids (ABuhSIHDZ), took control of the empire.
7. How did the Abbasids come to power?
They were the most powerful of the rebel groups that overthrew the Ummayads.
The Abbasids
The Abbasids strength lay in the former Persian lands including Iraq, Iran, and central Asia.
8. What changes did they make during their rule?
They moved the capital to Baghdad, developed a strong government bureaucracy, created an efficient tax system, and a strong trade network.
Textbook, p. 240
Abbasids Consolidate Power

A chancery prepared letters and documents. A special department managed the business of the army. Diplomats from the empire were sent to courts in Europe (for example, Charlemagnes court), Africa, and Asia to conduct imperial business. To support this bureaucracy, the Abbasids taxed land, imports, and exports, and non-Muslims wealth.
Textbook, p. 240
The Abbasids
8. What major problem did the Abbasids face?
They were unable to complete solid political control over such an immense empire.
The Umayyads and the Abbassids

UMAYYADS ABBASSIDS
Overthrew the Umayyads in 750 Moved capital to Baghdad
These powerful caliphates ruled the Islamic world, expanded the Arab empire, and brought about a golden age in Muslim civilization.
Set up dynasty that ruled until 750 Moved capital to Damascus
Conquered lands from Atlantic to the Indus Valley

Relied on local officials to govern the empire, while the Umayyads themselves lived in great luxury. Faced economic tensions between wealthy and poor Arabs Split in Islam occurs during their reign between Sunni, Shia, Sufi.
Ended Arab dominance and helped make Islam a universal religion

Empire of the caliphs reached its greatest wealth and power through strong trade network. Muslim civilization enjoyed a Golden Age Difficulty controlling vast empire.
Textbook, p. 240
Rival Groups Divide Muslim Lands

The Abbasid caliphate lasted from 750 to 1258. The Fatimid (FATuhMIHD) Dynasty, named after Muhammads daughter Fatima, ruled in North Africa and spread across the Red Sea to western Arabia and Syria. Although politically divided, the Abbasid Empire and the smaller powers remained unified in other ways. Religion, language, trade, and the economy tied the lands together.
Textbook, p. 241
Muslim Trade Network

The two major sea-trading zones those of the Mediterranean Sea and the Indian Oceanlinked the Muslim Empire into a world system of trade by sea. The land network connected the Silk Roads of China and India with Europe and Africa. Muslim merchants needed only a single language, Arabic, and a single currency, the Abbasid dinar, to travel from Crdoba, in Spain, to Baghdad and on to China.
Textbook, p. 241
Muslim Trade Network

To encourage the flow of trade, Muslim moneychangers set up banks in cities throughout the empire. Banks offered letters of credit, called sakks, to merchants. A merchant with a sakk from a bank in Baghdad could exchange it for cash at a bank in any other major city in the empire. In Europe, the word sakk was pronounced, check. Thus, the practice of using checks dates back to the Muslim Empire.
B. A.
C.
Ch. 10: ISLAM

Section 3: Muslim Achievements TODAYS OBJECTIVES:
Describe Muslim society during the Abbasid caliphate. Explain how Muslims worked to preserve scientific learning. Give examples of Muslim advances in the sciences.
Solve the following simple equations:
1. V + II = _________________
2. CM L = _______________
3. MCMLXXXV XXX = ________

4. XXVI
X
III = __________________
5. CDXXV / V = _________________
The ASTROLABE
Art & Literature
Arabian Nights
CH 10: Islam
Section 3 Muslim Achievements
IBN KHALDUN Great Arab Historian
ARABIC NUMERALS
ALBEGRA (al-jabr)
Todays Opening Quiz is a Math Quiz..you have 3 minutes! Solve the following simple equations:
1. V + II = _________________
2. CM L = _______________
1. 5 + 2 = ______________
2. 900 50 = ___________
3. 1985 30 = __________
x
3. MCMLXXXV XXX = ________

4. XXVI
X
III = __________________ 4. 26
3 = ____________
5. CDXXV / V = _________________
5. 425 / 5 = ___________
The ASTROLABE
Art & Literature
Arabian Nights
CH 10: Islam
Section 3 Muslim Achievements
IBN KHALDUN Great Arab Historian
ARABIC NUMERALS
ALBEGRA (al-jabr)
CH 10, Sec. 3: Muslim Achievements Packet, p. 19
Textbook, p. 242-243
1. Muslim society
There were Four social classes: Those who were Muslim by birth Converts to Islam of other religions (the protected people of the book) Slaves
______________________________
Muslim women - at this particular time actually had more rights than women living in Medieval Europe.
Razia Sultana [1205-1240] Razia Sultana was the first female Muslim ruler of South Asia. She was a talented, wise, just and generous woman. She was a great administrator and well-versed in governmental affairs. She was not only a good leader in the battlefield but herself was also an excellent fighter. The capable son of King Iltutmush died during his own life, and the rest of his sons were incompetent to govern, so Iltutmush nominated his daughter, Razia Sultana, as his successor on the throne of Delhi India.
Textbook, p. 244
2. Medicine, math, and science Arabic numerals, the importance of zero (10 digits) Developed algebra, trigonometry in astronomy
Al-Kwarazini (Mohammad bin Musa Al-Khawarizmi)
was perhaps one of the greatest mathematicians who ever lived. He was the founder of several branches of mathematics. He not only initiated the subject of algebra in a systematic form but he also developed it to the extent of giving analytical solutions of linear and quadratic equations, which established him as the founder of Algebra. The very name Algebra has been derived from his famous book Al-Jabr wa-al-Mfuqabilah. His arithmetic synthesized Greek and Hindu knowledge and contained his own contributions to mathematics and science. He explained the use of zero, a numeral of fundamental importance developed by the Arabs. Similarly, he developed the decimal system so that the overall system of numerals 'algorithm' or 'algorizm' is named after him. In addition to introducing the Indian system of numerals (now generally known as Arabic numerals), he developed at length several arithmetical procedures, including operations on fractions. It was through his work that the system of numerals was first introduced to Arabs and later to Europe, through its translations in European languages. He developed in detail trigonometric tables containing the sine functions. PP Design of T. Loessin; Akins H.S.
2. Medicine, math, and science Arabic numerals, the importance of zero (10 digits) Developed algebra, trigonometry in astronomy Charted stars, comets, and planets / constellation charts The astrolabe
The Astrolabe played a pivotal role in history.
The astrolabe was highly developed in the Islamic world by 800 and was introduced to Europe from Islamic Spain (Andalusia) in the early 12th century. It was the most popular astronomical instrument until about 1650, when it was replaced by more specialized and accurate instruments. It is doubtful the European explorers could have ever launched the great Age of Discovery without this device. Astrolabes are still appreciated for their unique capabilites and their value for astronomy education.
See Textbook, p. 245
Textbook, p. 244
2. Medicine, math, and science Arabic numerals, the importance of zero (10 digits) Developed algebra, trigonometry in astronomy Charted stars, comets, and planets / constellation charts The astrolabe Wrote medical reference books Rhazes (al-Razi) and Ibn Sina
Avicenna, or Ibn Sina wrote two important works: The Book of Healing and The Canon of Medicine. The first is a scientific encyclopedia covering logic, natural sciences, psychology, geometry, astronomy, arithmetic and music. The second is the most famous single book in the history of medicine.
Textbook, p. 244
2. Medicine, math, and science Arabic numerals, the importance of zero (10 digits) Developed algebra, trigonometry in astronomy Charted stars, comets, and planets / constellation charts The astrolabe Wrote medical reference books Produced a book on optics that would lay the groundwork for the later development of the telescope and microscope
Alhazen wrote The Book of Optics (Kitab al-Manazir), probably the most thoroughly scientific in method of all medieval works. In it, Alhazen developed a broad theory that explained vision by using geometry and anatomy. He rejected the theory of Euclid and Ptolemy that vision results from a ray leaving the eye and reaching the object. Instead he postulated, correctly, that each point on a lighted area or object radiates light rays in every direction, but only one ray from each point strikes the eye perpendicularly, "and is transmitted there by the transparent body [the lens]." So profound and seminal was this explanation that it led George Sarton to call Alhazen "the greatest Muslim physicist and one the greatest students of optics of all time."
Alhazen 965-1040
2. Medicine, math, and science Arabic numerals, the importance of zero (10 digits) Developed algebra, trigonometry in astronomy Charted stars, comets, and planets / constellation charts The astrolabe Wrote medical reference books Produced a book on optics that would lay the groundwork for the later development of the telescope and microscope Muslim scholars were re-introducing the Greek (Aristotles) understanding of the importance of proper scientific observation and experimentation.
Why is it that so many ancient Greek texts survive only in Arabic translations? How did the Arabs, who had no direct contact with the science and learning of Classical Greece, come to be the inheritors of the classical tradition? The answer appears to be the Umayyad dynasty located in Damascus. They had an interest in things Greek, employed educated Greekspeaking civil servants extensively, and sought to preserve Greek science.
B. D. A.
C.
The Caliphates
Rome
Constantinople
SPAIN
BYZANTINE EMPIRE
Damascus
NORTH AFRICA
Alexandria Cairo
..
Jerusalem
Baghdad
R Medina e d Mecca
Persian Gulf
ARABIA
e a Arabian Sea
Which Muslim dynasty was in power in A.D. 732 when Arab forces were defeated at the Battle of Tours by the Frankish armies of Gaul led by Charles Martel, thus halting Arab expansion in Europe?
About how many years did the Abbasid dynasty last?
Muslims split into two main sects Shia and Sunni after a revolt led by Hussein in what year?
Textbook, p.
The House of Wisdom A Great Center of Learning During Abbasid Rule In Baghdad
The House of Wisdom was actually a group of learned Arabic men including the great mathmetician al-Khawarizmi, the Bana Musa brothers (Mohammed Jafar ibn Musa, Ahmad ibn Musa and al-Hasan ibn Musa), and Abu Yusuf Yaqub ibn Ishaq al-Sabbah alKindi - to whom was entrusted the task of translating Greek manuscripts into Arabic.
Abbassid Castle in Baghdad
Textbook, p. 246
3. Philosophy and History Translated the works of Greek philosophers into Arabic. Ibn Khaldun wrote a study of World History.
Ibn Khaldun's chief contribution lies in philosophy of history and sociology. He wrote the first world history aimed at an analysis of historical events. This volume, commonly known as Muqaddimah or 'Prolegomena', was based on Ibn Khaldun's unique approach and became a masterpiece in literature on philosophy of history and sociology. The chief concern of this monumental work was to identify psychological, economic, environmental and social facts that contribute to the advancement of human civilization and the currents of history. He analyzed the dynamics of group relationships and Ibn Khaldun showed how group-feelings, al-'Asabiyya, give rise to the ascent of a new 1332-1395 civilization and political power and how, later on, its diffusion into a more general civilization invites the advent of a still new 'Asabiyya in its pristine form. He identified an almost rhythmic repetition of rise and fall in human civilization, and analyzed factors contributing to it. His contribution to history is marked by the fact that, unlike most earlier writers interpreting history largely in a political context, he emphasized environmental, sociological, psychological and economic factors governing the apparent events. This revolutionized the science of history and also laid the foundation of Umraniyat (Sociology).
Textbook, p. 246
4. Literature and the Arts The Quran a great work of literature. Poetry Legendary stories such as the Arabian Nights
The Nights: The Arabian Nights The Story of the Merchant and the Genie The Story of the First Old Man and the Hind The Story of the Second Old Man and the Black Dogs The Story of the Fisherman The Story of the Greek King The Story of the Husband and the Parrot The Story of the Vizir Who was Punished The Story of the Young King of the Black Isles The Story of the Three Kalandars The Story of the First Kalandar The Story of the Second Kalandar The Story of the Envious Man The Story of the Third Kalandar The First Voyage of Sinbad the Sailor The Second Voyage of Sinbad the Sailor The Third Voyage of Sinbad the Sailor The Fourth Voyage of Sinbad the Sailor The Fifth Voyage of Sinbad the Sailor The Sixth Voyage of Sinbad the Sailor The Seventh and Last Voyage of Sinbad the Sailor The Little Hunchback The Story of the Barber's Fifth Brother The Story of the Barber's Sixth Brother The Adventures of Prince Camaralzaman Noureddin and the Fair Person Aladdin and the Wonderful Lamp The Caliph of Bagdad The Story of the Blind Baba-Abdalla The Story of Sidi-Nouman The Story of the Merchant of Baghdad The Enchanted Horse The Story of the Jealous Sisters
Art & Literature
Arabian Nights
1001 Nights...?
Do you know the story?
Textbook, p. 246
4. Literature and the Arts The Quran a great work of literature. Poetry the Arabian Nights Arabesque art
In the visual arts and architectural design, Arabesque art is a linear decoration based on plant forms. Arabesque motifs are complicated, intertwined, flowing designs first found in ancient Arabic art hence the term. They are a feature of ancient Greek and Roman art, and are particularly common in Islamic art. Check out more examples
4. Literature and the Arts The Quran a great work of literature. Poetry the Arabian Nights Arabesque art Calligraphy
The beautiful handwriting called calligraphy played an important artistic role in a culture like the Muslim society where human representation was not considered proper. Click here to see several unique styles of calligraphy.
Textbook, p.
A. B.
C.

CH8 Islam

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WHAT DO YOU KNOW ABOUT ISLAM?

Allah God in Arabic.

Insert Arabia map

PP Design of T. Loessin; Akins H.S.

WHAT DO YOU KNOW ABOUT ISLAM?

Christian BIBLE Taking the J / C / I Quiz Mark each statement with a

Islamic KORAN (Quran)

J for Judaism C for Christianity I for Islam

Introduction to Islam: The Quran

Insert transparency of Quran quote

CH 10, Sec. 1: The Rise of Islam

The Prophet Muhammad

CH 10, Sec. 1: The Rise of Islam

The Prophet Muhammad

Hijrah Muhammads flight from Mecca to Medina in 622.

In other words, our year 622 A.D. is their year 1 A.H.

CH 10, Sec. 1: The Rise of Islam

The Prophet Muhammad

PP Design of T. Loessin; Akins H.S.

CH 10, Sec. 1: The Rise of Islam

The Prophet Muhammad

CH 10, Sec. 1: The Rise of Islam

CH 10, Sec. 1: The Rise of Islam

The Hajj Climaxes here. See Textbook, p. 259

CH 10, Sec. 1: The Rise of Islam

PP Design of T. Loessin; Akins H.S.

CH 10, Sec. 1: The Rise of Islam

A Muslim woman wears a hijab.

PP Design of T. Loessin; Akins H.S.

CH 10, Sec. 1: The Rise of Islam

Written in a COMMON LANGUAGE (Arabic)

providing a COMMON RELIGION (Islam)

he achieved Arabian UNITY.

CH 10, Sec. 1: The Rise of Islam

Beliefs & Practices of Islam

PP Design of T. Loessin; Akins H.S.

Ch. 10: ISLAM

Cordoba Mediterranean Sea

PP Design of T. Loessin; Akins H.S.

CH 10, Sec. 2: The Spread of Islam Packet, p. 9

Death of Muhammad, ca. 632 C.E.

CH 10, Sec. 2: The Spread of Islam Packet, p. 9

PP Design of T. Loessin; Akins H.S.

CH 10, Sec. 2: The Spread of Islam Packet, p. 9

1. What did the rightly guided caliphs use as guides to leadership?

The Quran and Muhammads actions in life.

Rightly Guided Caliphs

The region ruled by a caliph was called a caliphate.

Rightly Guided Caliphs

Rightly Guided Caliphs

CH 10, Sec. 2: The Spread of Islam Packet, p. 9

Rightly Guided Caliphs

PP Design of T. Loessin; Akins H.S.

CH 10, Sec. 2: The Spread of Islam Packet, p. 9

Rightly Guided Caliphs

CH 10, Sec. 2: The Spread of Islam Packet, p. 9

Treatment of Conquered Peoples

CH 10, Sec. 2: The Spread of Islam Packet, p. 9

Internal Conflict Creates a Crisis

4. What ended the elective system of choosing a caliph?

CH 10, Sec. 2: The Spread of Islam Packet, p. 9