INTRODUCTION TO CELL

STRUCTURE
 INTRODUCTION
 Cell is the structural and functional unit of all
life forms . They vary in shape , size and
number , not only in different organisms but
also in various parts of same body . It is first
discovered by Robert Hook in 1665.
 Structure
 All thought cells vary in shape and size but
all cells have 3 major , viz plasma
membrane , nucleus and cytoplasm.
 Plasma or cell membrane

1 It is the outer covering of each cell ,

separately its contents from the surrounding
medium. It is made up of lipids and proteins.
It regulates the movement of molecules in
and out of the cell. Plant cell has additional
cell wall also made up of cellulose.
 Nucleus
 It is spherical or oval in shape usually
located near the center of cell . Its
membrane is called nuclear membrane .
The chief components of nucleus are :
 A) Chromatin material
 B) Nucleolus
 Chromatin
It consist of D N A which responsible for story
and transmitting the hereditary information
from one generation to another.
 Nucleolus
 Nucleolus contains R N A which is helpful
in protein synthesis .
 Cytoplasm
 It contains various cell organelles .Those
are :-
1 Endoplasmic Reticulum
2 Golgi Apparatus
3 Lysosomes
4 Peroxisomes
5 Mitochondria
6 Plastids
 Endoplasmic Reticulum
 It is a membranous network, enclosing a
fluid – filled lumen . It is of 2 type
1) Rough Endo Reti :- Ribosome are attached
on its surface for synthesizing proteins.
2) Smooth Endo Reti :- It is without
Ribosome's for sure thing lipids .
 Golgi Apparatus

 It consist of set of smooth flat sac like

structures. It packages the material
synthesized in E R and dispatches it to
intracellular and extra cellular targets it is
also invalved in the formation of lysosomes
and peroxisomes .
 Lysosomes

 They are membrane-bound vesicles which

destroy any foreign material like bacteria
etc. present inside the cell. They also
remove the worn out organelle and also
digst the entire damaged or dead cell. They
are also called the suicide bags or digestive
bags .
 Peroxisomes

 They are small membrane bound sacs and

are found in bidney and are found in liver
and bidneys .
 Mitochondria

 These contain enzymes for cellular

respiration in which energy is released and
hence are called power house of cell.
 Plastids

 These are found in plant cells only. The

green coloured are called chloroplasts
which are present in chlorophyll which helps
in photosynthesis .
 Submitted By:
 Harjeet Singh
 Amit Kumar
 Dharampal
 Ravi Kaler
 Sukdev Singh
 Guided By:
 S.Major Singh
 Md.Jasleen Kaur