OSI Network Layer

Network Fundamentals Chapter 5

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Objectives

Identify the role of the Network Layer, as it describes communication from one end device to another end device
Examine the most common Network Layer protocol, Internet Protocol (IP), and its features for providing connectionless and best-effort service Understand the principles used to guide the division or grouping of devices into networks Understand the hierarchical addressing of devices and how this allows communication between networks Understand the fundamentals of routes, next hop addresses and packet forwarding to a destination network

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Network Layer Protocols and Internet Protocol (IP)

Define the basic role of the Network Layer in data networks

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 Factors to consider when grouping Hosts into a Common Network.

Purpose Geographic Location Ownership

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Network Layer Protocols and Internet Protocol (IP)

Identify the basic characteristics and the role of the IPv4 protocol

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Network Layer Protocols and Internet Protocol (IP) IP is a Connectionless System. Destination device is not contacted before packet is sent.

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Network Layer Protocols and Internet Protocol (IP)

Describe the implications for the use of the IP protocol as it is considered an unreliable protocol

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Network Layer Protocols and Internet Protocol (IP)

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Network Layer Protocols and Internet Protocol (IP)

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Network Layer Protocols and Internet Protocol (IP) The Source and Destination IP address are added at Layer 3 Packet Encapsulation.

Time to Live (TTL) field helps prevent endless packet loops.

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Two Broadcast Domains:

Only routers can create broadcast domains.

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What intermediary devices implement security between networks? Routers Firewalls

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 Problems with Large Network includes:

Network Performance Degrades, Security Issues, and Host Identification.

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Grouping Devices into Networks and Hierarchical Addressing

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Grouping Devices into Networks and Hierarchical Addressing

The Network Portion of a Network Layer Address is used to forward a packet

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 The Default Gateway Address is used to find the router LAN interface. If your Default Gateway Address is incorrect you can still connect to LAN Local devices but not Outside of your LAN (Internet).

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Fundamentals of Routes, Next Hop Addresses and Packet Forwarding

Routers use the Destination IP Network address to forward data packets.

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Routing Table Indicates the Next-Hop address

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 Describe the purpose and use of the destination network in a route

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 If Destination IP Network address is not listed in a routing table.

Router will discard packet.
Default route (static) will be used. EXP: ip route 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 192.168.2.2

S* 0.0.0.0 (0/1) via 192.168.2.2

Router will forward any unknown IP address to the Next Hop address 192.168.2.2
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 Dynamic Routes are learned routes dynamically from other routers. Static Routes are manually created by the Network Administrator.
Example: C(config)# ip route 192.168.2.0 255.255.255.0 192.168.1.1

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Summary
What do Routers use to forward data packets. -Destination Network Address What information is added Encapsulated at Layer 3: Network Layer? - Source/Destination IP addresses. What is a Connectionless System? - Destination device is not contacted before packet is sent. What Network Layer address is used to forward packets? - Network portion only. 192.5.5.0 not 192.5.5.10 (Host # included) Purpose of the Default Gateway? IDs the device router to communicate with other networks (Internet)
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