GSM P&O Training Materials for Special Subjects

2G-3G Interworking

Suitable for Staff with P&O Skill Certificate III or Lower Issued by GSM Network P&O Dept

Internal Use Only

Version introduction
Version
V1.0

Date
2009-03-01

Writer
Guo Hongchang

Assessor
Zheng Hao

Translator
Lu Yan

Amendment Records
No

Internal Use Only

Purpose of the course

To know 2G-3G interworking principles To know similarities and differences of 2G-3G interworking solutions To know the issue of the interference between 2G-3G

2G-3G interworking targets

2G-3G interworking principles

2G-3G interworking solutions 2G-3G interworking implementation solutions suggested 2G-3G subscribers demand and technology support 2G-3G co-location and interference issues

2G-3G interworking targets

To guarantee the continuity of 3G service by making full use of the present network investment To solve the capacity problems in areas where 2G radio resources are already very limited To achieve the communications of 2G and 3G network with minimum costs of network upgrade
Targets come from classification and organization of subscriber requirements. E.g., 2G/3G complementary coverage to guarantee the continuity of 2G/3G Solve 2G capacity problems in areas where 2G radio resources are limited Try ones best not to change the using habits of subscribers: no change of phone number, no change of card, and so on Operate together with 2G network including 2G network upgrade and evolution Use same/different 3G PLMN number Prevent unauthorized subscribers from being connected to 3G network Minimize 2G/3G networking impact on 2G network Issues about equipment compatibility of 2/3G networking and about charging

2G-3G interworking targets at different stages

With the improvement of network construction, 2G-3G interworking targets also change:

evolution at different stages

Mature stage of network

2G-3G network load balance 2G-3G network will manage the operation together

Initial stage of construction

Keep the continuity of 2G-3G service Avoid impact on 2G network stability

3G
2G

Initial planning of networkby 2/3G resources, develop 3G subscribers rapidly

GSM/GPRSVoice/low rate data services 3G/HSDPAVoice/visual/medium or high rate data service

Areas of high value Suburbs and countryside Important areas

Coverage: Capacity:

Full coverage Certain Capacity pressures

Continuous coverage for important areas Idle, subscribers to be developed

Initial strategy of coexistence of two networks:

3G forms complete coverage on basis of GSM; GSM reduces expansion pressures through 3G; With advantages of 3G, develop 3G subscribers rapidly

2G/3G develop together One Radio Network

7

Middle planning of networkimprove 3G coverage, make full use of resources released by 2G

GSM/GPRSVoice/low rate data service 3G/HSDPAVoice/visual/medium or high rate data service 64QAM is introduced to some 3G areas to realize HSPA+ LTE trial service Areas of high value Suburbs and countryside Important areas

Coverage: Capacity:
Network strategy

Full coverage Become idle gradually

Basically continuous coverage, and development towards the countryside Rapid development, and pressures of urban areas

Trial service in value areas Trial service of super high rate data service

3G coverage is gradually improved, and countryside subscribers should be developed quickly. The number of 2G subscribers is reduced, and the network becomes idle gradually, so value areas can consider to use released DCS 1800M resources to develop LTE. 64QAM will be introduced to urban HSDPA network, and software upgrade HSPA+ will be realized, and the competitive power of data service will be enhanced. Planning of trial service in LTE value areas will be speeded up to experience super high rate data service.

2G-3G interworking targets 2G-3G interworking principles

2G-3G interworking solutions

2G-3G interworking implementation solutions suggested

2G-3G subscribers demand and technology support

2G-3G co-location and interference issues

2G-3G interworking principles

Principles:

Manage to use 2G network to expand 3G coverage, and keep the

continuity of service for 3G subscribers;

Manage to reduce handover times between systems; Manage to provide 3G subscribers with 3G network service;

Manage to avoid upgrade of present 2G/2.5G network;

Dual mode Node B

Dual mode Observe the principle of giving priority to subscribers experience.

BTS
3/2G BTS

2G

10

Suggestions for the realization of 2G-3G interworking

Manage to form continuous signal coverage within 3G coverage areas

Reduce the zones which have no signals or weak signals, and especially avoid these zones in areas where there

is a high pedestrian flow. In these areas, 3G signals usually fade suddenly, and have no time to do
measurement or handover between systems, so the failure probability of handover between systems might be quite high.

Manage to choose areas where there is a low pedestrian flow as 3G network edge
Avoid the choice of edge in areas where there is a high pedestrian flow, like stations, docks and so on, so as to reduce the possibility of intersystem handover. In addition, this can also avoid signaling interaction delay/failure, and the following handover call drop, which result from inefficient processing ability.

Choose well covered GSM areas as 3G edge

This is good for successful handover from 3G to GSM. In other words, there should be no overlapping areas between GSM edge and 3G edge. This can reduce the possibility of intersystem measurement failure,

signaling interaction failure and the following call drop, which are caused by the problem of GSM network
signal strength.

11

2G-3G interworking targets 2G-3G interworking principles 2G-3G interworking solutions 2G-3G interworking implementation solutions

suggested

2G-3G subscribers demand and technology support 2G-3G co-location and interference issues

2G-3G interworking solutions

Overview
2G network protocol doesnt consider 2G-3G interworking until R99 edition, while 3G protocol starts to consider the issue of 2G-3G interworking from its initial formulation.

Main network element related to the realization of 2G/3G interworking

3G MSC/VLR, 3G SGSN, 3G HLR network element

Dual mode mobile phone

Main implementation solutions of 2G-3G interworking

Solution of no upgrade of 2G network equipment;

Solution of a small number of upgrades of 2G network equipment;

Solution of a large number of upgrades of 2G network equipment; (not recommended)
13

2G-3G interworking solutions

Basic functions realized by 2G-3G interworking

Choice of PLMN; Cell reselection; Handover

Main network element related to the realization of 2G/3G interworking

3G MSC/VLR, 3G SGSN, 3G HLR network element;
Dual mode mobile phone

Solutions to realize 2G-3G interworking

All the interworking solutions consist of 3 interworking functions (choice of
PLMN, cell reselection, and handover). Each solution corresponds to a different 2G network upgrade scale.

14

2G-3G interworking solution: No upgrade of 2G network equipment The solution is realized through The Selection of PLMN

2G and 3G network are assigned a different PLMN number. The connection to 3G is realized by the reselection function of dual mode terminal HPLMN (home PLMN), and not by 2G equipment upgrade; The premise is that HPLMN in SIM card or USIM card is 3G PLMN. So 3G 2G one-way handover and cell reselection can be realized.
15

2G-3G interworking solution: No upgrade of 2G network equipment

UE

BSC

2G CN

RNC
Problem: within the same coverage area, some dual mode terminals will firstly stay in GSM network, and can not use 3G service.

3G CN

Some dual mode terminals firstly choose GSM network to register.

6 minutes Every six minutes, dual mode terminals, which use a new card, will try 3G network which performs as a home network.

Theory of PLMN solution: 3G subscribers all use a newly made USIM card, 3G network uses a new network number, and the length of time for making a USIM card belongs to network choice information. So all 3G subscribers who use a new USIM card will firstly stay in 3G network.

16

2G-3G interworking solution: No upgrade of 2G network equipment

Requirements of the solution

3G>GSM
It is realized by cell

3G network must be constructed with a network number

different from GSM network. For 3G subscribers, 3G network will be configured as HPLMN.

reselection, and voice handover and PS handover will be configured.

3G GSM

Advantages

There is no need of the functions of GSM present network to upgrade software.

GSM>3G
In idle state, reconnection to 3G is

There are fewer cooperating tests of GSM and 3G. Disadvantages

realized by HPLMN reselection.

Voice handover is not configured, and

If GSM subscribers become 3G subscribers, SIM card must be changed.

HPLMN reselection needs 6 minutes, so subscribers may be less

dissatisfied.

PS handover is not supported.

Choice of PLMN solution is suitable for those mobile telecommunications carriers who cant realize GSM to 3G cell reselection.
17

2G-3G interworking solution: Small scale upgrade of 2G network equipment

The result of this solution is that priority is given to connection to 3G network, and one-way voice handover between 2G/3G network is realized.

Service handover between 2G/3G systems is rapidly realized by cell reselection and handover. Voice handover, data service handover, and cell reselection function from 3G to 2G are all realized.

2G to 3G data service handover and cell reselection function are both realized.

18

2G-3G interworking solution: Small scale upgrade of 2G network equipment

UE

BSC
Some terminals firstly choose GSM network to register.

2G CN

RNC

3G CN

System broadcast message

Problem: within the same coverage area, some dual mode terminals will firstly stay in GSM network, and can not use 3G service.

Some seconds

Configuration of broadcast message parameter makes it easy for dual mode terminals to realize 2G-3G reselection.

Parameters configuration delivered by RNC makes terminals to stay in 3G network if possible.

Theory of cell reselection solution: 2G BSC delivers broadcast message to require dual mode terminals to be reconnected to 3G by intersystem cell reselection.

19

2G-3G interworking solution: Small scale upgrade of 2G network equipment

Requirements of the solution

Both same network numbers or different network numbers are accepted. Construction of the same network numbers is

3G>GSM
It is realized by cell

recommended.

reselection, and voice handover and PS handover will be configured.

GSM network is required to support 2G ->3G cell reselection function.

3G

GSM

Advantages

Subscribers dont need to change SIM card and phone number.

Rapid return from 2G to 3G makes subscribers

GSM>3G
In idle state, reconnection to 3G is

feel satisfied. Disadvantages

realized by cell reselection.

Voice handover is not configured and

Upgrading GSM network is required to support 2G->3G cell reselection. Debugging of present network involves a lot of work.

PS handover is configured. The cell reselection solution is a 2G-3G interworking solution which is preferred by world mainstream mobile telecommunications carriers at present in this industry. 20

2G-3G interworking solution: Large scale of upgrade of 2G network equipment (not recommended)

The result of this solution is that priority is given to connection to 3G network, and 2G/3G networking realizes one-way speech handover.

Service handover between 2G/3G systems is rapidly realized by cell reselection and handover. Voice handover, data service handover, and cell reselection function from 3G to 2G are all realized. 2G to 3G data service handover and cell reselection function are both realized.
21

2G-3G interworking solutions: Comparison of these three solutions

Comparison of functions and upgrade requirements

First solution: Choice of PLMN Second solution: One-way speech handover
3G2G voice handover: 3G2G PS handover: 3G2G cell reselection: 2G3G voice handover: 2G3G cell reselection: 2G3G PS handover:

Third solution: Two-way handover

3G2G voice handover: 3G2G PS handover: 3G2G cell reselection: 2G3G voice handover: 2G3G cell reselection: 2G3G PS handover

Functions

3G2G voice handover: 3G2G PS handover: 3G2G cell reselection: 2G3G voice handover: 2G3G cell reselection: 2G3G PS handover:

Similarities 2G MSS/BSS equipment modifying requirements

Upgrade 2G HLR or construct a new 3G HLR based on the number portability feature supported by the network No modification BSS modifies system message SI2ter to add WCDMA adjacent cell information; add system message SI2quater (optional); modify system message SI3 If PLMN in system broadcast message is different, 2G MSC location upgrade response message and the like need to be upgrade to R99 protocol edition. Modifications of the second solution + upgrade to support measurement control for handover between systems handover judgment, and handover signaling procedure. BSS and MSC of 2G system both need to be modified.

Requirement for the original subscribers Handover Speed Between systems

The card must be changed.

None

None

3G2G is realized by cell reselection, and is quick; 2G3G is realized by the choice of HPLMN, and is slow.

3G2G two-way handover is realized by cell reselection, and is quick.

The same as the second solution

22

2G-3G interworking solution: Analyses of risk costs

Comparative analyses of risk costs

First solution: Choice of PLMN Second solution: One-way speech handover
BSC needs to do a small number of software upgrades, and there is some risk. First solution + 2G network software upgrade costs 1 (system message) 3G network operation and maintenance costs + 2G network operation and maintenance costs No requirements

Third solution: Two-way handover

A large number of upgrades of both BSS and MSC, and there is a high upgrade risk. The second solution + 2G network software upgrade costs 2 (judgment process of intersystem handover) 3G network operation and maintenance costs + 2G network operation and maintenance costs No requirements

Networking risks Networking costs

No risks

3G network construction costs

3G network operation and Operation maintenance costs and maintenance costs

Subscriber costs

The card must be changed/or the mobile phone has preferred access function.

23

2G-3G interworking solution: Construction solutions at different stages

In consideration of the interworking features described above, construction solutions at different stages are recommended.
Network status Interworking solutions recommended
First solution

Remarks

First stage

At the initial construction stage, present network equipment upgrade requirements cant be satisfied. So in a short term, requirements for 2G3G cell reselection cant be satisfied. 2G equipment upgrade conditions are mature

Subscribers use a new SIM card to realize preferred access to 3G by HPLMN reselection.

Second stage

Second solution

From 2G/3G interworking to the same PLMN network number

24

2G-3G interworking targets

2G-3G interworking principles 2G-3G interworking solutions 2G-3G interworking implementation solutions suggested 2G-3G subscribers demand and technology support 2G-3G co-location and interference issues

2G-3G interworking implementation solutions suggested: Main points

HLR construction solution: Cell configuration strategy Local area network networking strategy

Signaling network sharing, long distance tandem switch

Network element sharing

Influence over performance and functions caused by the combination of PLMN and LAI

26

2G-3G interworking implementation solutions suggested: HLR construction solution

2G/3G use the same network number:

2G and 3G HLR entity are integrated. 2G HLR has the function to support 3G subscribers to create an account. 2G HLR needs to be upgraded to support contracting service for 3G subscribers. (recommended) 2G and 3G each has an independent HLR entity. They use different IMSI, MSISDN section number to distinguish 2G HLR and 3G HLR. HLR doesnt need to be upgraded. However, its obvious disadvantage is that original 2G subscribers must use a new MSISDN number, if they want to use 3G service.

2G/3G network use different network numbers:

2G and 3G HLR entity are integrated. 2G HLR has the function to support 3G subscribers to establish a new account. 2G HLR needs to be upgraded to support contracting service for 3G subscribers, and telephone number function of different network numbers. 2G and 3G HLR entity are independent. Number portability service is used to keep MSISND of subscribers so as to provide the subscribers with the greatest convenience. 2G HLR doesnt need to be upgraded. By number portability, the original 2G subscribers can change SIM card. In this way, the subscribers can not only firstly use 3G service but also make full use of the advantage of number portability, that is, MSISDN number is reserved for subscribers. (recommended)

27

2G-3G interworking implementation solutions recommended: Cell configuration strategy Strategy recommended:
Within 3G coverage areas, 3G2G interworking is not supported, but the edge of 3 coverage areas support handover towards 2G, and cell reselection.

Disadvantages of 3G->2G handover supported by the whole network:

High probability of call drop will exist, because success rate of intersystem handover is much lower than that of intra-system handover. It is hard to control the target coverage area which is selected during cell reselection and handover, because of the ping-pong effect. If the compact model is used, it can increase downlink emission power of the base station and the mobile phone, increase interference, and reduce capacity. Network configuration and maintenance is complicated. The initial optimization and manual configuration involves much work, and signaling costs a lot.
28

2G-3G interworking implementation solutions suggested: Local area network

Hybrid networking
Create dual mode MSC/SGSN or upgrade the original 2G MSC/SGSN to 2G/3G dual mode MSC/SGSN.

Independent networking
Create 3G MSC/SGSN, and keep the original 2G MSC/SGSN; local traffic between 3G network and 2G network is connected by GMSC of 2G. Independent networking can support independent service of the two networks. They wont influence each other, but they can integrate with each during their development.

29

2G-3G interworking implementation solutions suggested: Make use of network sharing function Signaling network sharing, and long distance tandem exchange
Local switch terminates BICC signaling (by SIGTRAN) and IP bear traffic, traditional TDM interface is provided outside.

Network element sharing

Equipment sharing GMSC/SCP/GGSN/SC

30

2G-3G interworking implementation solutions suggested: Network element and requirements for equipment version
Functions Network
element
2G3G cell reselection ARD control access Compatible with original 2G equipment BSC CN 3G MSC

Version
requirements
R99 R6

Special needs

3GPP TS 05.08 3GPP TS 04.18 3GPP TS 29.002 MAPCompatible with MAP-Prep-Handover req of MAP Phase 2 Compatible with original BSC equipment, and capable of circumventing influence from SAI Forced to add Cipher information

3G MSC 3G MSC

Video phone fall back

3G CN
UE RNC

R6
R6 R6

MAPAlternative Channel Type

Support CS64 decline to AMR processing Alternative RAB Parameters

31

2G-3G interworking implementation solutions suggested: Influences over PLMN and LAI
Same PLMN, different LAI IMSI (SIM card) No change Different PLMN Change the card

Choice of network Access control

Connected to the network by cell reselection HLR controls whether 2G

Choose the network by cell reselection and HPLMN MSC/VLR/SGSN can control

subscribers will be allowed to be

connected to 3G network.

whether subscribers will be

connected to 3G network.

Cell reselection solution

2G/3G interworking
Different PLMN solution

The mainstream mobile telecommunications carriers will prefer the reselection solution
e.g., adopt the solution of using different network numbers of Hutch

3G

GSM

Suggestion: Upgrade the present GSM equipment according to the requirements of the target network so as to guarantee the satisfactory experience of future 3G subscribers!

32

2G-3G interworking targets

2G-3G interworking principles 2G-3G interworking solutions 2G-3G interworking implementation solutions suggested

2G-3G subscribers demand and technology support 2G-3G co-location and interference issues

Requirements analysis of user policy and technology support

Initial demand from carriers

Analyses of demand
Make use of advantages of 3G and adopt positive marketing strategies Subscribers can use 3G service without the change of card or number. Both telephones and business halls will be ready for 3G service. Some areas have the demand for controlling subscribers switch to other networks

Technology support
Obvious costs advantages of 3G voice and data service 2/3G use the same network number. Adopt cell reselection solution. ARD Control subscribers access connection to 3G IMSI section number segment number controls subscribers connection to 3G.

Business marketing

Convenient and rapid switch to other networks

Reduced costs of switch to other networks Controllable subscribers switch to other networks

34

User policyARD-based access control of 2/3G subscribers

Upgrade 2G and 3G HLR, add an information ID field:

Subscriber data extension in HLR is used to add control information ID field (ARD: Access Restriction Data) to show subscriber access attribute. 2G and 3G subscriber access control is realized by ARD. During location upgrade, the ADR information is transmitted to MSC Server/VLR by extended Insert Subscriber Data signaling.

Core network equipment MSC Server/VLR distinguishes the radio networks which subscribers are connected to:

VLR distinguishes the radio network property used by a subscriber, that is, whether the subscriber logs in from BSS or UTRAN. According to the radio network attribute used by a subscriber, and ARD value delivered in ISD operation, VLR defines the relationship between the subscriber property and access network property, and corresponding application scenarios. This is shown in the following table:

Access result UTRAN system access denied

Meaning of ARD field UTRAN Not Allowed

ARD value 01

Application scenarios Control whether to be connected to 3G network

GREAN system access denied

GREAN Not Allowed

10

Constraints:

01: UTEAN not allowed

Both HLR and VLR need to support ARD function.

User Data

ARD
10: GREAN not allowed

35

Business policy of analyzing demand and technology support

Initial demand from carriers Analyses of demand Technology support

Improve service QoS

Make use of 3G service advantages, and make full use of 3G service

3G selective preference strategy

2/3G service continuity Attach importance to subscriber experience No ping-pong handover

Reliable 2/3G handover Cell reselection

One-way handover Cell parameter control

Convenient deployment / maintenance

Fewer parameter configurations

2G BSC is only configured with 3G frequency points

36

Service strategy3G selective preference in cell reselection, improvement of service QoS

Voice service

Test scenario

MOS value (Sampling of more than one hundred times of calling) 4.245 4.284

If average GSM MOS value is 3.45, and average 3G MOS value reaches 4.2, user experience is high .

Intra-NodeB calling* Inter-NodeB calling (not pass Iur)* Inter-NodeB calling (pass Iur)* Average GSM MOS value

Data service

3G provides special service like video phone, and video streaming media and so on, which cant be provided by 2G.

4.125
3.54

Download rate of HSDPA is 13 times higher than that of GPRS and 7 times higher than that of EDGE. So internet surfing is more smooth.

* Hong Kong 3G network values measured in practice Unconditional measurement of 3G signal

Criterion

for UE starts measurement of UTRAN :

<=7 && RLA_C< R(Qsearch_I)

Qsearch_I If

3G priority

Qsearch_I =7 R(Qsearch_I) = +

37

2G-3G interworking targets 2G-3G interworking principles 2G-3G interworking solutions

2G-3G interworking implementation solutions

suggested

2G-3G subscribers demand and technology support

2G-3G co-location and interference issues

Analysis of the need for 2/3G co-location construction

Advantages

Disadvantages

Comparison of GSM and 3G coverage performance (dense urban areas)

Reduce space of equipment room, and need of antenna feeder Reduce project construction difficulty, and speed up project construction progress

Layout of 2G site may not guarantee the best quality of 3G network.

920

Some solutions may lead to

470

deteriorated loss.
330

390

Interference isolation needs to be considered.

Save costs Transmission sharing

The original 2G network performance

may be influenced.

GSM1800

GSM900

WCDMA CS12.2K

WCDMA CS64K

GSM and 3G co-location is based on GSM1800 and this guarantees continuous coverage of video phone service.
According to overseas network construction experience of ZTE, 2/3G co-location can help carriers to build a network with low costs but in a high speed.
Statistics of 2/3G co-location proportion of overseas carriers

39

Antenna and feeder design solution 1 2/3G independent antenna and feeder
GSM 900 GSM 900

GSM 1800 3G 3G
Site of Shang Bu Industry and Trade Mansion in Huaqiangbei in Shenzhen Site of Heng Xun Communications building in Shenzhen

Advantages

1. It doesnt influence the original system. 2. Optimization adjustment of each system is totally independent. The costs is high, because each system needs an additional antenna and feeder. 1. There is enough installation space and isolation space

Disadvantages

Application scenarios

between the base station and the antenna. 2. The additional costs of installation pole and antenna is controllable.

When a new antenna and feeder is added, the configuration of antenna azimuth and antenna downtilt parameters can refer to that of 2G system so as to guarantee the two systems cover the same range. In other words, 2/3G networks are integrated into one network.

40

Antenna and feeder design solution 2 2/3G use a same feed line but a different antenna

WCDMA

GSM 900/ PCS 1800

A site in Hong Kong

1. The optimization adjustment of each system is totally independent.
Advantages 2. It saves investment of feed line. Disadvantages Application scenarios The combiner causes extra loss, and this influences the original system coverage. The feed lines installation space and length is a major impact on rent costs. For dense area were coverage is narrow, 3dB loss is allowed.

41

Antenna and feeder design solution 3 2/3G use a same feed line and a same antenna

A site in Hong Kong (six ports and tri-band antenna) Advantages It saves investment of feed lines. 1. The combiner causes extra loss, and this influences the original system coverage. 2. Since the antenna is shared, it makes RF optimization Disadvantages adjustment for each system more difficult. So intersystem coordination is needed. 3. If we change 2G parameter, considering impact for 3G performance.

A multiport wide beam antenna, whose downtilt can be adjusted, is recommended so as to guarantee relatively independent optimization adjustment of each system.
Application
scenarios

There isnt enough installation space and isolation space between the base station and the antenna.

42

Antenna and feeder design solution 4 2/3G use a same antenna and a different feed line
A site of Gang Ao Shopping Mall in Huaqiangbei in Shenzhen (GSM1800+WCDMA)

Improvement
of path loss 1dB 2dB 3dB 4dB 5dB

Coverage area
improvement % 7% 14% 22% 30% 40%

If 7/8 feed

line is at 2100MHz frequency band, 100 meters loss is 6.3 dB. As to China

Unicoms equipment room environment for present network, the proportion of feed lines which are longer than 50 meters is not small, especially in dense urban areas, the proportion is larger. However, RRU solution can avoid this kind of loss.
Advantages 1. It saves the investment for antenna and feeder. 2. It avoids the use of combiner, and the loss caused by it.

RRU is directly installed under the multiport wide beam antenna, this method saves the investment for a combiner and avoids the loss caused by it.

Disadvantages

Since the antenna is shared, it is more difficult to do RF optimization adjustment for each system. So intersystem coordination is needed.

Application
scenarios

There isnt enough installation space and isolation space between BBU and
the antenna.

43

Summary of the adoption of a wide beam antenna

Directional antenna
In

Isotropic antenna
After

areas where there are dense sites, the slight change of antenna

the replacement of antenna, the primary service area of the

indicator will not have much influence over network coverage performance.
Directional

cell may change.

The

traffic attribution of the edges of the original cell may change,

broadband antenna can be adopted to replace narrowband

and then influence the load distribution of the cell.

For

antenna without any negtive impact.

those areas where there is the coverage performance

degradation, the traffic may be lost.

Possible influences over the original network caused by the use of a wide beam antenna

An

accidental problem:

After the adoption of a wideband antenna, there is a slight 5dB effect interference degradation.

Interference degradation

44

Interference control principle for wireless communications

The purpose of interference protection and control is not to totally

eliminate the interference, but to control the interference at an acceptable level with reasonable costs so as to guarantee the normal operation of different communication systems.
UMTS BS Interference GSM BS

The basic solution for solving the problem of interferences from

different wireless communication systems is frequency government

and standardization of equipment standard specifications. Since the spectrum resources decrease gradually, it is more difficult to do interference protection control.

Dead Zone GSM mobile

Mutual interference between different communication systems (interference dead zone)

2500 2000 1500

When 3GPP establishes the technical specifications for 3G equipment, the interference with the present equipment has been fully considered, which normally satisfies30dB base station space isolation.

1000 500 0

However, during the time when the other existing networks (GSM and PHS and so on) are constructed, it is not possible to take into consideration the future networks like 3G. So the interference with 3G is inevitable, and this must be solved in construction.

-500 -1000 -1500 -2000 -2500 -3000

-2000

-1000

1000

2000

3000

ZTE emulation research 45

2/3G mutual interference main consideration (1) GSM900/1800

3GPP theoretical isolationdB Interference mechanism WCDMA to GSM1800 Spurious isolation Blocking isolation Intermodulation isolation 25 43 -GSM1800 to WCDMA 28.87 30 94 WCDMA to GSM900 25 35 -GSM900 to WCDMA 28.87 30 94

Duplexer 80dB No influence after filtering

According to the theoretical analysis, based on 3PP protocol, the blocking requirement of WCDMA to GSM, or WCDMA to GSM1800, is 43dB. The intermodulation isolation of GSM1800 to WDCMA is 94dB.

Since WCDMA duplexer has 80dB out-band rejection, 94dB intermodulation isolation only needs 12dB spatial separation, so it can be completely neglected.

Similarly, GSM1800 has 80dB out-band rejection, so the blocking interference can be neglected.

30dB isolation is enough to satisfy the mutual interference of WCDMA2100,

GSM900/1800the isolation design for multi-band antenna port is 30dB.

30dB

46

Practical engineering solution for GSM-3G interference coexistence

3G independent antenna and feeder, spatial isolation solution

No interference coexistence can be realized by drawing on the rich overseas 3G engineering experience, and making use of the excellent antiinterference performance indicator of ZTE 3G equipment.

For 65 degree horizontal beamwidth sector antenna, the vertical isolation

should be less than 0.2 meter, and the horizontal isolation should be less than 0.4 meter.
Spatial isolation of a site in Huaqiangbei in Shenzhen

2/3G independent feed line, replacement of wide beam antenna solution

A G/D/U tri-band antenna of Tian Di Hotel site in Shenzhen

The isolation of multiport wide beam antenna is relatively low, 30dB isolation between different dipoles can guaranteed, which satisfies the isolation indicator described above.900M, 1800M, and 2100M can share an antenna.

Note: For a wide beam antenna, its interference with PHS, and 1.9G CDMA decreases by 5dB!
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Summary of interference

Interference of GSM900, and GSM1800 is not the main problem. Interference of PHS, and CDMA1.9G of some areas must be solved during the construction of WCDMA network.

Each area needs to consider its actual situation, and offers instructive suggestions about interference and makes preparations as soon as possible.

National policy of radio frequency spectrum; improvement of old equipment indicator

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Summary of 2G 3G network sharing operation

Result of 2G 3G integration One Radio Network

Network interworking

Service, load, and subscriber interworking

System equipment, terminals

Terminals System equipment: CNNode BRNC/BSC and network management

Project construction and network maintenance

Site locationcoordination/sharing Feeders and antennascoordination/sharing Power transmissionsharing

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