0 penilaian0% menganggap dokumen ini bermanfaat (0 suara)
13 tayangan10 halaman
MONIKA MANPREET VANDANA KULWINDER CLASS-10TH a and B INTRODUCTION TO SOUND Sound is defined as the voice which we can hear with our ears. Sound is detected by the sensory hair cells located within the cochlea of the inner ear. The molecular details underlying hair cell function are much less known.
MONIKA MANPREET VANDANA KULWINDER CLASS-10TH a and B INTRODUCTION TO SOUND Sound is defined as the voice which we can hear with our ears. Sound is detected by the sensory hair cells located within the cochlea of the inner ear. The molecular details underlying hair cell function are much less known.
Hak Cipta:
Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
Format Tersedia
Unduh sebagai PPT, PDF, TXT atau baca online dari Scribd
MONIKA MANPREET VANDANA KULWINDER CLASS-10TH a and B INTRODUCTION TO SOUND Sound is defined as the voice which we can hear with our ears. Sound is detected by the sensory hair cells located within the cochlea of the inner ear. The molecular details underlying hair cell function are much less known.
Hak Cipta:
Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
Format Tersedia
Unduh sebagai PPT, PDF, TXT atau baca online dari Scribd
• MONIKA Faculty:-Mrs Neelam • MANPREET • Name Of Computer • VANDANA Teacher:-Miss Watanjot Kaur • KULWINDER • CLASS-10TH A & B • Name Of Science Teachers:- • Mrs Nisha Puri • Mrs Inderjeet Kaur • Mrs Jaswant Kaur INTRODUCTION TO SOUND
Sound is defined as the voice
which we can hear with our ears. Molecular Details Of Sound Detection • In humans, sound is detected by the sensory hair cells located within the cochlea of the inner ear. Hair cells have bundles of finger-like protrusions. A cluster of these precisely organized protrusions on a single hair cell is called a stereocilia bundle. The stereocilia bend, setting off a series of chemical and electrical signals within the cells. These signals are ultimately carried to the brain by the auditory nerve and interpreted as sound. Although scientists understand the basic principles of sound detection, the molecular details underlying hair cell function are much less well known. Schematic secondary structure of cadherin-23 and mutations in the waltzer mouse mutant. SOUND WAVES • Sound is created by a disturbance travelling in an elastic medium. For instance, when an excess pressure is produced on some region of the air, that region tends to expand towards the neighbouring zones. This, in turn, compresses those zones, creating a new excess pressure which will tend to expand next, and, again, a new excess pressure is further created. The pressure disturbance will thus propagate through the air, and eventually it will reach some receiver (for instance a microphone or an ear). Excess pressure is called sound pressure. SPECTRUM • Spectrum is a central concept in Acoustics. When we introduced the concept of frequency, we said that periodic waves have an associated frequency. This is only part of the truth, however, since usually they have several frequencies at the same time. This is because a noteworthy mathematical theorem called Fourier's Theorem (after the French mathematician Fourier, who discovered it), which states that any periodic waveshape may be alternatively created by superposing different waves of a special shape called sine wave (or sinusoid), each of which has a frequency that is an integer multiple of the frequency of the original wave. So, when we hear a 100 Hz sound, we are actually hearing sine waves of frequencies 100 Hz, 200 Hz, 300 Hz, 400 Hz, 500 Hz and so on. SOUND INTENSITY • Why are some sounds louder than others? There are many reasons, but the main one is traceable to the amplitude of sound waves. The amplitude of a sound wave is the maximum excess pressure of the sound wave in each cycle. In the case of noise, the amplitud may be continuously changing, and it is customary to compute some sort of average. There are several approaches to the analysis of loudness, which may be found in the accompanying document on Sound Levels. PERIODIC WAVES • Actually, most waves are the result of many succesive disturbances of the medium, instead of only one. When those disturbances are generated at regular intervals and are all the same shape we are in the presence of a periodic wave, and the number of disturbances per unit time is called the frequency of the wave. It is expressed in a unit called Hertz (Hz), meaning cycles per second (a cycle is all that happens in between a disturbance). In the case of sound waves, frequency is between 20 Hz and 20,000 Hz. Acoustic waves of frequency smaller than 20 Hz are called infrasounds, and those of frequency greater than 20,000 Hz are called ultrasounds. APERIODIC WAVES • Even if there are many sounds which are nearly periodic, such as those sounds produced by pitched musical instruments, the vast majority of sounds in Nature are aperiodic, that is, succesive disturbances are not equally spaced in time, and are not of constant shape either. This is what in a technical sense is called noise. Aperiodic waves usually cannot convey the sensation of pitch. Some examples are the consonants of speech, urban noise, the noise of the wind and the sea, and the sound of many percussive instruments such as drums, charlestons, etc. THANX TO AIF DE PROGRAM • PROJECT MADE BY STUDENTS OF GOVT. GIRLS SEN. SEC. SCHOOL,PHILLAUR(DISTT JALANDHAR) WITH THE HELP OF BOOKS OF SCIENCE AND INTERNET.