Networks: ATM 1
Quality of Service guarantees (e.g. limited jitter, non-blocking streams) LAN Interoperability Mobile and Wireless nodes
Networks: ATM 2
Networks: ATM
Networks: ATM
Voice
s1 , s2
Digital voice samples
cells
Video
A/D
picture frames
AAL cells
Data
Bursty variable-length packets
Copyright 2000 The McGraw Hill Companies
AAL cells
Figure 9.3
Networks: ATM
TDM 4 ATM 4 3 1 3 3 2 1 4 3 2 1 4 3 2 1
`
2 2 1
Figure 7.37
Networks: ATM
ATM
ATM standard (defined by CCITT) is widely accepted by common carriers as mode of operation for communication particularly BISDN. ATM is a form of cell switching using small fixedsized packets.
Basic ATM Cell Format
5 Bytes
Header
Copyright 2000 The McGraw Hill Companies
48 Bytes Payload
Leon-Garcia & Widjaja: Communication Networks Figure 9.1
Networks: ATM
A connection (an ATM channel) must be established before any cells are sent.
Networks: ATM 8
Private UNI
X
Private NNI
X
NNI
Public UNI
X
B-ICI Public ATM network B
Networks: ATM
X
Public UNI
Figure 9.5
ATM Connections
two levels of ATM connections: virtual path connections virtual channel connections indicated by two fields in the cell header: virtual path identifier VPI virtual channel identifier VCI
Networks: ATM
10
Virtual Channels
Figure 7.40
Networks: ATM
11
VPI (4 bits)
VCI (4 bits) VCI (8 bits) PT (3 bits) HEC (8 bits)
CLP (1 bit)
Figure 9.7
Networks: ATM
13
Switch
1 2 3
video 25
voice 32
25 32 32 61
N 1
3 2
75
67 39 67
6 data 32
video 61
video 75
Figure 7.38
Networks: ATM
14
VP3 a b c d e
ATM Sw 1 ATM DCC
VP5
ATM Sw 2
a
ATM Sw 3
b c
VP2 VP1
Sw = switch
ATM Sw 4
d e
Networks: ATM
15
Management plane Plane management Control plane User plane Layer management
Higher layers
Higher layers
ATM layer
Physical layer
Copyright 2000 The McGraw Hill Companies Leon-Garcia & Widjaja: Communication Networks Figure 9.2
Networks: ATM
17
User information
User information
AAL
ATM PHY ATM PHY
Figure 9.4
Networks: ATM
18
ATM Architecture
An AAL is further divided into:
The Convergence Sublayer (CS) manages the flow of data to and from SAR sublayer.
The Segmentation and Reassembly Sublayer (SAR) breaks data into cells at the sender and reassembles cells into larger data units at the receiver.
Networks: ATM 20
Networks: ATM
21
ATM layer
Physical layer
Physical medium dependent sublayer
Physical medium
Copyright 2000 The McGraw Hill Companies Leon-Garcia & Widjaja: Communication Networks Figure 9.6
Networks: ATM
22
Networks: ATM
24
CBR
RT-VBR NRT-VBR ABR UBR
T1 circuit
Real-time videoconferencing Multimedia email Browsing the Web Background file transfer
25
AAL 1 Payload
(b) CS PDU with pointer in structured data transfer
47 Bytes AAL 1 Pointer 1 Byte
46 Bytes
optional
CSI 1 bit
SNP 4 bits
Leon-Garcia & Widjaja: Communication Networks Figure 9.11
Networks: ATM
27
AAL 1
Higher layer User data stream
b1
b2
b3
Convergence sublayer
CS PDUs
47
47 47
1 47
1 47
1 47
ATM layer
ATM Cells
48
48
48
Figure 9.10
Networks: ATM
28
Trailer
Pad AL Etag Length
2 (bytes)
1 - 65,535 (bytes)
0-3 1 1 2 (bytes)
Trailer (2 bytes)
SAR - PDU Payload
LI CRC
2 4 10 (bits)
Copyright 2000 The McGraw Hill Companies
44 (bytes)
Leon-Garcia & Widjaja: Communication Networks
6 10 (bits)
Figure 9.16
Networks: ATM
29
AAL 3/4
Higher layer Service specific convergence sublayer Common part convergence sublayer
H
4
Information
User message
Assume null
Information
PAD
T
4
SAR sublayer
2 44
2 44 2
2 44 2
Each SAR-PDU consists of 2-byte header, 2-byte trailer, and 44-byte payload.
ATM layer
Copyright 2000 The McGraw Hill Companies
Networks: ATM
30
AAL 5
Convergent Sublayer Format
Information 0 - 65,535 (bytes)
Pad
UU CPI 1 1 (bytes)
Length CRC 2 4
0-47
SAR Format
ATM Header
48 bytes of Data
1-bit end-of-datagram field (PTI)
Figure 9.19
Networks: ATM
31
AAL 5
Higher layer Service specific convergence sublayer Common part convergence sublayer
Information
PAD
Information
Assume null
SAR sublayer
ATM layer
PTI = 0
32