PowerPoint Lecture Notes Presentation

Motivation and Emotion

Important Definitions

Motivation: set of factors that activate, direct, and maintain behavior, usually toward some goal

John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 2007 Huffman: Psychology in Action (8e)

Theories and Concepts of Motivation

John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 2007 Huffman: Psychology in Action (8e)

Theories and Concepts of Motivation: (Major Theories of Motivation)

1.

Biological Theories:
Instinct--inborn, unlearned behaviors universal to species explain motivation Drive-Reduction--internal tensions push toward satisfying basic needs Arousal--motivated toward optimal level of arousal
John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 2007 Huffman: Psychology in Action (8e)

2.

3.

Drive-Reduction Theory

John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 2007 Huffman: Psychology in Action (8e)

Arousal Theory

People seek an optimal level of arousal that maximizes their performance.

John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 2007 Huffman: Psychology in Action (8e)

Theories and Concepts of Motivation: (Major Theories of Motivation Cont.)

1.

Psychosocial Theories:
Incentive -motivation results from the pull of external environmental stimuli Cognitive -motivation affected by attributions and expectations.
John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 2007 Huffman: Psychology in Action (8e)

2.

Motivation: Intrinsic Vs. Extrinsic

John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 2007 Huffman: Psychology in Action (8e)

Theories and Concepts of Motivation: (Major Theories of Motivation Cont.)

1.

Biopsychosocial Theory: Maslows hierarchy of needs: interaction of biological, psychological, and social needs; lower motives (physiological and safety) must be met before higher needs (belonging, self-esteem)
John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 2007 Huffman: Psychology in Action (8e)

Maslows Hierarchy of Needs

John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 2007 Huffman: Psychology in Action (8e)

EMOTION

John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 2007 Huffman: Psychology in Action (8e)

 Emotion:

subjective feeling including arousal, cognitions, and expressions

John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 2007 Huffman: Psychology in Action (8e)

Theories and Concepts of Emotion

1.

Three Components of Emotion Physiologicalarousal comes from brain (particularly the limbic system) and autonomic nervous system (ANS)
John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 2007 Huffman: Psychology in Action (8e)

Physiological Component and the Autonomic Nervous System (ANS)

John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 2007 Huffman: Psychology in Action (8e)

Theories and Concepts of Emotion

2.

Three Components of Emotion (Continued)

Cognitive-thoughts, values and expectations Behavioral-expressions, gestures, and body positions

3.

John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 2007 Huffman: Psychology in Action (8e)

Theories and Concepts of Emotion

Can you identify the social smile versus the genuine smile? Real smiles involve muscles around both the eyes and cheeks.
John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 2007 Huffman: Psychology in Action (8e)

Theories and Concepts of Emotion-Four Theories of Emotion

James-Lange (emotions occur after arousal) Cannon-Bard (arousal and emotion occur simultaneously) Facial-Feedback (facial movements elicit arousal and specific emotions) Schachters Two-Factor (arousal leads to search for label and then emotion occurs)
John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 2007 Huffman: Psychology in Action (8e)

John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 2007 Huffman: Psychology in Action (8e)

Can You Explain Why Pleasant Feelings Increase When Teeth Show?

John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 2007 Huffman: Psychology in Action (8e)

Critical Thinking about Motivation and Emotion The Polygraph

Polygraph (measures changes in emotional arousal, which in turn supposedly reflects lying versus truthfulness)
John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 2007 Huffman: Psychology in Action (8e)

Critical Thinking about Motivation and Emotion- The Polygraph

The subjects response on the GSR does rise in response to the second question. But remember that error rates on the polygraph range from 25% to 75%.

John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 2007 Huffman: Psychology in Action (8e)

Critical Thinking about Motivation and Emotion Emotional Intelligence (EI)

Emotional intelligence (EI) (ability to know and manage ones emotions, empathize, and maintain satisfying relationships)
John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 2007 Huffman: Psychology in Action (8e)

Culture and Emotion

Cultural similarities and differences: 7 to10 culturally universal emotions, but each culture has its own display rules governing how, when, and where to express emotions.

John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 2007 Huffman: Psychology in Action (8e)

Plutchiks Wheel of Emotions

John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 2007 Huffman: Psychology in Action (8e)

Plutchiks Wheel of Emotions

Emotions have four dimensions: 1. Positive or negative 2. Primary or mixed 3. Polar opposites 4. Vary in intensity

John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 2007 Huffman: Psychology in Action (8e)

John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 2007 Huffman: Psychology in Action (8e)