Pollution

By : Noor Fathi Maratusholihah (093194022) Claudia Niken Shinta (093194031)

Definition
the inclusion of living things, matter, energy and / or other components into water or air changing the order of (composition) of water or air by human activities and natural processes, so that the quality of water / air to less or no longer able to function in accordance with destining Pollution on the environment can occur anywhere with a very fast rate

Kind of Pollution
Water Pollution Radioactive Pollution

Air Pollution

Land Pollution

1. Air Pollution

Definition Pollutant : - SOx produced by volcanoes and industrial - NOx emitted from high temperature combustion - CO product by incomplete combustion of fuel such as natural gas, coal or wood - CO2 emitted from combustion but is also a gas vital to living organisms.

CFCs harmful to the ozone layer emitted from products currently banned from use. Ammonia (NH3) - emitted from agricultural processes Odors such as from garbage, sewage, and industrial processes

Source
1.

Anthropogenic sources
human activity Stationary Sources" include smoke stacks of power plants Mobile Sources" include motor vehicles Chemicals, dust and controlled burn practices in agriculture Fumes from paint Military, such as nuclear weapons

2. Natural Source

Dust from natural sources Methane, emitted by the digestion of food by animals Radon gas from radioactive decay Smoke and carbon monoxide from wildfires Volcanic activity,

Impact

Greenhouse effect Ozone Layer Depletion Radiation

Reduction Effort

Efforts to reduce pollution from mobile sources includes primary regulation (many developing countries have permissive regulations), expanding regulation to new sources (such as cruise and transport ships, farm equipment, and small gaspowered equipment such as lawn trimmers, chainsaws, and snowmobiles), increased fuel efficiency (such as through the use of hybrid vehicles), conversion to cleaner fuels (such as bioethanol, biodiesel, or conversion to electric vehicles).

2. Water Pollution

Definition Causes - PathogenColiform bacteria are a commonly-used bacterial indicator of water pollution, - Chemical and other contaminants Contaminants may include organic and inorganic substances

Reduction effort

Utilizing a green infrastructure approach to improve stormwater management capacity throughout the system, and reduce the hydraulic overloading of the treatment plant Repair and replacement of leaking and malfunctioning equipment Increasing overall hydraulic capacity of the sewage collection system have an individual septic tank develop and implement nutrient management plans farmers may use Integrated Pest Management (IPM) techniques

3. Radioactive Pollution

Definition Source
Radioactive

contamination is typically the result of a spill or accident during the production or use of radionuclides (radioisotopes), an unstable nucleus which has excessive energy. Nuclear fallout is the distribution of radioactive contamination by a nuclear explosion

Hazardous
Low

level contamination . Low levels of radioactive contamination pose little risk, but can still be detected by radiation instrumentation. In the case of low-level contamination by isotopes with a short half-life, the best course of action may be to simply allow the material to naturally decay. High level contamination may pose major risks to people and the environment. People can be exposed to potentially lethal radiation levels, both externally and internally, from the spread of contamination following an accident (or a deliberate initiation) involving large quantities of radioactive material.

Reduction effort

Use personal protective equipment when working with radioactive materials

4. Land Pollution

Definition Causes

Pesticides Herbicides Mining Burial Construction

Impact

Smothered habitats, where aquatic animals feed and live, thus driving them out of a home. Reduced oxygen levels from decomposition of organic material dumped from drains. Reduced light penetration in the water column, from sediments and excessive algal growth, leading to oxygen depleted water. *Massively changed flow regimes, large fast flows can scour existing habitat and wash species downstream. Increased human health risks, from syringes, broken glass and cans washing onto creek banks and beaches. Reduced aesthetic appeal of areas from litter strewn on banks and beaches, thus reducing recreation and tourist appeal. Acid rain damages trees and other plants

Reduction Effort
Remediation is an activity to clean up contaminated soil surface ( in situ and ex situ method ) Bioremediation is the process of cleaning the soil contamination using microorganisms (fungi, bacteria).