ROBOTICS

WHAT IS ROBOTICS
The word robotics was derived from the word robot, which was introduced to the public by Czech writer Karel Capek in his play R.U.R. (Rossum's Universal Robots), which premiered in 1921.

Robotics is the branch of technology that deals with the design, construction, operation, structural disposition, manufacture and application of robots. Robotics is related to the sciences of electronics, engineering, mechanics, and software.

What a Robot can mean?

An automatic industrial machine replacing the human in hazardous work. An automatic mobile sweeper machine at a modern home. An automatic toy car for a child to play with. A machine removing mines in a war field all by itself and many more

WHY ROBOTICS ?
Speed. It can work in hazardous/dangerous environment. To perform repetitive task. Efficiency Accuracy Adaptability

Types of Robot
Wheeled Legged Climbing Flying

Components of ROBOTS
o Structure o Power source o Actuation o Sensing o Manipulation o Locomotion

Structure
The structure of a robot is mostly mechanical and can be called a kinematic chain. The chain is formed of links (its bones), actuators (its muscles), and joints which can allow one or more degrees of freedom.

Power Supply
Suitable power supply is needed to run the motors and associated circuitry Typical power requirement ranges from 3V to 24V DC 220V AC supply must be modified to suit the needs of our machine Batteries can also be used to run robots Robots are driven by different motors :o DC Motors o Stepper Motors o Servo Motors

ACTUATION
Actuators are the "muscles" of a robot, the parts which convert stored energy into movement. The most popular actuators are electric motors.

MANIPULATION
Robots which must work in the real world require some way to manipulate objects; pick up, modify, destroy, or otherwise have an effect. Thus the 'hands' of a robot are often referred to as end effectors, while the arm is referred to as a manipulator. Some manipulators are: o Mechanical Grippers o Vacuum Grippers

LOCOMOTION
It is concerned with the motion of the robot. Robot contains different types of drives:o Differential drive o Car type o Skid drive o Synchronous drive o Pivot drive o Articulated drive

ADVANTAGES
Revolution in Medical science and Health care systems. New & wide scope in Education & Training. A good help in Nuclear industry. Used tremendously in Sports activities. Play the role of an efficient assistance in Research and Development sciences. Can very well handle household business.

FUTURE PROSPECTS
Scientists say that it is possible that a robot brain will exist by 2020 . Vernor Vinge has suggested that a moment may come when computers and robots will be smarter than humans. In 2009, some robots acquired various forms of semi-autonomy, including being able to find power sources on their own. The Association for the Advancement of Artificial Intelligence has researched on this problem.

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