Gas Turbine -Systems Components and Performance

ANIL SHARMA (SR. MANAGER-OPERATION & EFFICIENCY) NTPC-FARIDABAD

Introduction of GT
The GT is a common form of heat Engine working with a series of processes consisting of compression of air taken from atmosphere ,Ignition of fuel in CC ,combustion and expansion

Brayton cycle

Brayton cycle

Basic Combustion process

Gas Turbine over Conventional Steam Turbine

Rapid start up Low start up power requirement Better efficiency in combined cycle mode Environment friendly. Low gestation period

Involves high maintenance cost due to high operating temperature and complicated blade design

Flexibilities with GT
Base load operation Peak load operation Open cycle operation Combined Cycle operation Operates on Naphtha, HSD or Gas

Salient Features of GT

1. 2. 3. 4. 5.

Works on open-Brayton cycle Major components of GT

Turbine Combustors Compressor Generator & Starting device Inlet air duct & Exhaust system

Latest trends in GT-Imp. Factors

Aerodynamics: due to advancement in aerodynamics design of large axial flow compressors with high compression ratio High Temp Metallurgy raise the TIT substantially. Component Cooling :Cold reheat steam from HP turbine is used for cooling the combustor & Turbine parts which lead to increase in CC Eff. By 2-3%

Combustion Technology: DLN Burner makes a homogenous mixture of air & Fuel before combustion ,Nox Level 9-25 PPM Single shaft CCGT: Faster start up & high effiiciency,but it needs high starting power & less operating Flexibility

Some Latest GTs

ALSTOM GT26B: 288 MW rating with High compression ratio of almost 34 bar and TIT of 1280 C GE 9FB: 274 MW TIT-1356 C with pr. Ratio of 18.5 SIEMENS V94.3: 286MW TIT of 1300 C with Pr. Ratio of 18 MHI G class: 334 MW with steam cooling for combustors & 1st Stage vanes,Pr. ratio of 19 and TIT of 1500 C SIEMENS H class: output of 340 MW this is world largest and most efficient with use of once through boilers having Main Steam parameters of 600 C and 170 Bar

NTPC Gas Stations at Glance

GAS STATION ANTA AURIYA DADRI FARIDABAD KAWAS JHANOR KAYAMKULUM CAPACITY( MANFACTURER MW) 413 652 817 432 645 648 410 ABB MHI SIEMENS SIEMENS GE ABB GE

Systems at Faridabad-SIEMENS V94.2

Air Intake System Inlet Guide Vanes Lube Oil System Start Up Frequency Converter Gas Fuel System Liquid Fuel System Ignition Gas system

Contd.
Hydraulic oil system Combustion system Burners and flame monitoring De Nox system Gas evacuation system Gas detection system Blow off system Aux power supply system Generator and its Cooling system

Various Controllers
Run Up controller Speed Controller Load Limit controller Surge protection controller Load Controller OTC Controller

T atk = Tat ( K1+K3.Tvi)Tvi K2(1-N/N0) Tat : Measured Exh temp Tvi : Ambient Temp

Task of controller
Low stress start up & shut down Synchronizing with grid Loading of turbine Frequency stabilization Reliable load rejection to Aux requirement Ability to ride out load rejection Prevention of overload of compressor Prevention of thermal overload of turbine

Turbine Oil system

Feeds the oil to all the Bearings for lubrication and cooling. Includes MOP,AOP,EOP,JOP , 2 vent Fans and 3 Lub oil cooler fin fans

Hydraulic Oil System

High pressure oil for operating Fuel oil stop and control valves Includes 2 hydraulic oil Pumps and cooling circuit

Inlet air system

Includes ducting for air from atmosphere to enter 1st stage of compressor

Gas Fuel System

System to deliver Gas fuel to turbine combustion Chamber at the proper pressure and flow rates to meet all of Stating ,accelerating and loading requirement of GT Operation

Fuel Gas System

Fuel oil System

Supplies FO from forwarding system to combustion chamber through filters( 70 & 10 Micron) , high pressure injection pump and return line control valve System is totally nitrogen capped All Naphtha drains and vents are connected to Leak oil tank (N2 Capped)

Turbine Exhaust System

Ducting to exhaust the flue gases Diffuser Diverter Damper Guillotine Damper

Generator Cooling System

It is a pressurized closed water system designed to accommodate the heat from generator cooling air System having expansion Tank ,Make up Tank ,Make Up P/Ps ,12 No. Generator cooling Fin fans , Generator cooling water P/Ps and 4 No. air coolers inside generator Housing.

Gas Evacuation and Detection System

System evacuates gases from CC hood and to detect any leakages from burner area Two blowers are provided . Dampers at the outlet of CC Gas Detectors are provided in the duct

Fire Protection In Gas Turbine

3 Heat Detectors are mounted in each CC Temp.> 80 Deg C alarm in CCR and Hooter Temp > 90 Deg C (2 out of 3) GT Trip initiated with Fire Protection Trip Co2 charge in CC hood after 20 sec of trip and Hood Evacuation Damper close in Auto Machine will not come in Turning speed until fire protection get reset

GT Performance
1. 2. 3. 4. GT performance is affected by : Ambient temperature Ambient Pressure Grid Frequency Humidity