Attitudes & Values

Presented By: Prof. N.K. Sahni

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An attitude can be defined as a persistent tendency to feel behave in a particular way toward some object. An attitude may also defined as the way a person feels about something a person, a place, a commodity, a situation or an idea.

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According to G.W. Allport, Attitude is a mental & neutral state of readiness, organized through experience

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Nature of attitudes.

Attitudes refers to feelings & beliefs of individuals

Click to edit Master subtitle style The feelings & beliefs are directed towards other people objects or ideas. Attitudes often result in & affect the behavior or action of the people. Attitudes constitute a psychological phenomenon. Attitudes are gradually acquired over a period of time.
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Contd.
Attitudes are evaluative statements either favorable or unfavorable. All people, irrespective of their status & intelligence hold attitude. Click to edit Master subtitle style

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Components of attitudes
1)

2)

3)

Informational or cognitive component : it consists of beliefs, values, ideas & other information a person has about the object. Click to edit Master subtitle style Emotional or Affective component: it involves the persons feeling or affectpositive, negative about an object. Eg: I like this job because the future prospects in this company are very good Behavioral component: it consists of the tendency of a person to behave in a particular manner towards an object 4/23/12

Relation of attitude with other aspects

Attitude & opinion: opinions are expressions of attitudes. Attitudes tend to be generalized to react in some way towards objects or concepts. Attitude & belief: belief reveals what one supposes to be true Master subtitle style Click to edit Attitude & values: the values of an individual generally reveal the moral side of his nature. Values are one of the determinants of ones attitude. Eg: Honesty is the best policy.

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Sources of attitudes
Direct personal experience Association Family & peer groups Neighborhood Click to edit Master subtitle style Economic status & occupations Mass communications

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So where to start attitude at work place

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Types of attitudes at work place

Job satisfaction Job involvement Click to edit Master subtitle style Organizational commitment

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Functions of attitudes
The adjustment function : attitudes often help people adjust to their environment. 2. The ego defensive function: people often form & to edit Master subtitle style Clickmaintain certain attitudes to protect their own self images. 3. The value expressive function: attitudes provide people with a basis for expressing their values. Our value expressive attitude are closely related to our self concept. 4. The knowledge function: attitudes are often substituted for knowledge. Attitudes help supply standards & frames of reference that allow people 4/23/12 to organize & explain the world around them.
1.

Values
According to Milton Rokeach, a noted psychologist Values are global beliefs that guide actions & judgements across a Click to edit Master subtitle style variety of situations . Values are generally, tinged with moral flavor & they contain judgemental element, involving an individuals idea as to what is right, good, desirable.

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Characteristics of values
Values provide standards of competence & morality. Values edit Master in number than attitudes Click to are fewer subtitle style Values transcend specific objects, situations or persons Values are relatively permanent & resistant to change Values are most central to the core of a person

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Types of values
Terminal values: this type of value is an ultimate goal in a desired status or outcome. These lead to the ends to be achieved. Eg: i. Comfortable life ii. Sense of Master subtitle style Click to editaccomplishment iii. Family security iv. Mature love v. Self respect vi. Freedom vii. Social recognition viii. Happiness ix. Inner harmony

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Contd
Instrumental values: these values relate to means for achieving desired ends. It is a tool for acquiring a terminal value. Eg: i. Ambitious Click to edit Master subtitle style ii. Broad minded iii. Capable iv. Cheerful v. Forgiving vi. Honest vii. Imaginative viii. Intellectual ix. Logical x. Independent 4/23/12 xi. loving

G.W.Allport, P.E. Vernon & G. Lindzey categorized values into six major types:
Theoretical Economic Aesthetic Click to edit Master subtitle style Social Political Religious

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Sources of Values
Family factor Social factors Personal factors Cultural factors Click to edit Master subtitle style Religious factors Life experiences Role demands Halo effect

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Thank you
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