INDUSTRIAL CONTROL

Flow Sensor

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Type Of flow sensor

1. Variable Area Flowmeters 2. Paddle Wheel Flow Sensor

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Variable Area Flowmeters

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Basic principal
Fluid flow moves the float upward against gravity. Float will find equilibrium when area around float = column flow of the fluid. Some types have a guide rod to keep float stable

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i.

This technology uses a straight tube with conical slots to achieve the variable area.

ii. This allows for a higher flow in a smaller package and gives us full control over the turndown iii. Flow rate can be read directly on a scale mounted next to the tube iv. No secondary flow-reading devices are necessary.
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INDUSTRY USED
Commonly used to provide more effective cost such as for:
i. ii. iii. iv. v. vi. vii. purging in the mining mineral processing pulp and paper petroleum chemical petrochemical waste water industries

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Chemical Industry
i. Variable-area flowmeters are among the most popular flowmeters because of their straightforward, direct reading. In variable-area meters, fluid flowing through a slightly tapered tube causes a float, piston, or vane to change position inside the tube, adjusting the area available for fluid to pass through. The fluid velocity determines the final float position.

ii.

iii.

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In systems engineering
i. Typically the user would like to implement reliable and simple flow measurement, allowing onsite readings by operating personnel. Regardless of the nominal diameters and connections, the VA 40 always has the same compact installation length and this is one of the major reasons why it is so popular among systems engineers.

ii.

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Advantages
i. Low Cost (pricing usually starts < $100) ii. Simple Reliable Design iii. Can Measure Liquid or Gas Flows iv. Tolerates Dirty Liquids or Solids in Liquid

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Disadvantages
i. Usually Limited to a 10:1 Turndown ii. Electronic Output Difficult and Expensive iii. Coating Liquids a Problem iv. Must Calibrate for Viscous Liquids and Compressed Gases v. Errors due to Changing Viscosity for Liquids and Line Pressure for Gases

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Paddle Wheel Flow Sensor

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Basic principal
i. ii. An in-line rotor spins as the media flows The rotational speed of this rotating turbine is a direct function of the flowrate iii. The turbine rotation is detected electronically iv. The two primary methods of sensing rotation are: Magnetic pick-up main consideration is magnetic particles in the flow stream. Inferred (optical) sensing main consideration is dark media which will block the inferred signal. i. This frequency output is either used directly or is converted to a proportional analog signal ii. Paddle-style is like a riverboat paddlewheel, turbine-style rotates on the longitudinal axis in a corkscrew fashion Page 12

INDUSTRY USED
It were widely applied in the chemical industry, petroleum, light industry, medical treatment, fertilizer, food, paper, environmental protection, synthetic fiber and scientific research.

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Oil and gas industry

Flow meters measure the volumetric flow of liquids or gases in a pipe. A paddle-wheel flow meter is a device that has a set of spinning paddles. As the liquid moves across the paddles, the speed at which it moves the paddles determines the flow rate. The meter sends a signal to a computer, or receiver, that indicates the paddle speed.

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Water dispensing and treatment system

The PWS Series Meters are mounted directly to a saddle. A hole is drilled in the pipe, the saddle is mounted on the pipe and the sensor is inserted into the pipe and sealed with the screw cap. The rugged cast iron saddle and reliable insertion paddle wheel make a reliable and easily serviced installation.

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Advantages
Direct, accurate volumetric flow measurement (Often with visual indicator) Fast response with good repeatability Material flexibility (good compatibility) Easy installation and maintenance Minimal pressure drop Sense very low flow rates

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Disadvantages
Primarily clean media Low viscosity media magnetic coupled electronics Pipe must be full for accurate readings Over-ranging flowrate (>20%) causes excessive bearing wear

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GOOD LUCK FOR PHASE TEST!!

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