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Contents
Introduction Need for sampling in research Sampling process Internet sampling and its advantages
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What is sampling ?
A sample is a part of a whole to show what the rest is
like.
Sampling helps to determine the corresponding value of
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sampling error ?
Definition
Sampling is a method of obtaining
generally a large collection of individuals or objects that is the main focus of a scientific query.
close an estimate is expected to be, to the true value of a parameter. Precision is a measure of similarity.
standard error is calledsampling error. Sampling error gives us some idea of the precision of our statistical estimate. A low sampling error means that we had relatively less variability or range in the sampling 4/28/12
SAMPLING PROCESS
Click to edit Master subtitle style
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Steps in sampling
Defining the target
population.
Specifying the sampling
frame.
Specifying the sampling unit. Selection of the sampling
method.
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Advantages of sampling
Reduced costs Reduced time Click to edit Master subtitle style Greater accuracy Greater depth of information Reduced human error
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Internet sampling
It is a process of obtaining information about an
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E-Mail Questionnaires
q Simple q Attachment q URL embedded
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Large samples Low cost High speed of data transfer and analysis Flexibility in questionnaire handling and walkthrough Easy to send memo Quick, easy and cheap feedback
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Partial coverage (only those who are accessible to the Internet) We cannot be sure no one has answered to more than one questionnaire? It all narrows the reliability of the results, analysis, conclusions and forecast
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PROBABILITY SAMPLING TECHNIQUE o Simple Random Sampling o Systematic Sampling o Stratified Sampling o Cluster(Area) Sampling
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probability of selection.
Systematic Sampling
Units in population are randomly arranged wrt
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Contd..
Steps: I. I. I. I.
Number the population from 1 to N Select Sample size (n) Interval size, k= N/n Randomly select an integer between 1 to k
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Contd..
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Stratified Sampling
Stratification is the process of dividing
Proportionate or Disproportionate
Strata should be mutually exclusive No population element can be excluded
better coverage
Cluster Sampling
Used in case of huge geographic spread e.g.:
-relies on the personal judgment of the researcher rather than chance to select sample elements. population characteristics.
Click to edit Master subtitlegood estimates of the -samples may yield style
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Contd..
When the research does not aim to
generate results that will be used to create generalizationspertaining to the entire population.
When the researcher has limited budget,
NON PROBABILITY SAMPLING TECHNIQUES Convenience Sampling Judgmental Sampling Quota Sampling Snowball Sampling
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CONVENIENCE SAMPLING
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ADVANTAGES DISADVANTAGES
*Least expensive *Least time consuming *Sampling units are -Accessible
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projects involving
JUDGMENTAL SAMPLING
A form of convenience sampling in which the population are purposely selected based on the judgment of the researcher Examples
Test markets
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Quota Sampling
Non probability sampling Two stage technique Stage 1: Developing control categories or
on convenience sampling or
Snowball Sampling
Non probability sampling Initial group of respondents are selected
randomly.
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