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IBM Software Group

Informix High Availability Features


John F. Miller III

2005 IBM Corporation

IBM Software Group

Overview
Backup and Restore
New & Recent Features
Backup Options Restore Options Best Practices

High Availability Data Replication


Archive Validation New and Recent HA Feature

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Recent Backup & Restore Features


Point in Time Restore of a table from a backup Ontape improvements
No tape size Large file support in ontape Backup/restore using STDIO Support of External Backup & Restore New option to salvage log using ontape
More accurate space calculation for onbar backup Reading and dumping logical log using onbar Improved messages in bar activity log Better handling of command line options in onbar Sync Emergency boot file and sysutil database (onsmsync) Progress Feedback

Onbar Improvements

Re Directed Restore Backup Verification Parallel Log Cleaning


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Backup Types
Serial Backup
Archives the entire system at a single point in time using only one data stream

Parallel Backup
Archives the requested dbspace one at a time to N data streams

External Backup
Allows a third party application to backup the database server while maintain logical consistency

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Physical Backup

Level 0 (Full Backup)


Backup of all used pages

Level 1 (Incremental Backup)


Backup of all modified pages since last level-0 backup

Level 2 (Delta Backup)


Backup of all modified pages since last level-1 backup

Level 1 and 2 backup is not supported using EBR

IBM Software Group

Overview
Backup and Restore
New & Recent Features
Backup Options Restore Options Best Practices

High Availability Data Replication


Archive Validation New and Recent HA Feature

IBM Software Group

Restore Options
Cold Restore
Restoring the server when the database engine is offline

Warm Restore
Restore of dbspaces which occur while the database engine is online

Mixed Restore
A cold restore of set dbspaces followed by a warm restore of other dbspaces

Logical Restore
Follows physical restore Required After onbar restore from parallel backup Warm Restore

After cold whole system restore it is optional


Parallel logical recovery
ON_RECVRY_THREADS OFF_RECVRY_THREADS

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Restore Options
Point-in-time Table and/or column Level Restore Imported Restore
Transferring an archive taken on one computer and restoring it on a second computer

Point-in-Time Restore
Restoring the entire system to a single point in time

Suspended Restore
Ability to continue the restore if a restore client fails

Restartable Restore
Allows the DBA to pickup the restore from the failure point

Re-Directed Restore
Allows chunk pathnames to be changed while doing the restore

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Backup and Restore Tools

ontape

On-Bar
External Backup and Restore archecker

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Point in Time Table Level Restore (PITTLR)


Provide the customer with the ability to easily extract a set of tables, a table or a portion of a table from a level 0 archive to a user specified point in time. The extracted data can be placed in an external table or on a table on the server of the users choice regardless of server version or machine type as long as the database server is listed in the sqlhost file.

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Benefits
Extract a table or set of tables
Filter the retrieved data Retrieve just a subset of columns Repartition the data Data may be placed in the same version database or on a different database version with a different machine architecture

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Recovery of Lost Table


Extracts a table called test1:tlr from the most recent backup of dbspace1 and places the data in table test1:tlr

database test1; create table tlr ( a_serial serial, b_integer integer, c_char char(20), d_decimal decimal ) in dbspace1; insert into tlr select * from tlr;

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Using External Tables


Extracts a table called dl:source_tab from the most recent backup of dbspace1 and sends the data in ASCII format with fields delimited to the file named /TMP/PIPE.
database d1; create table source_tab (cola int) in dbspace1; create external table target_tab (cola int) USING (/TMP/PIPE, DELIMITED);

insert into target_tab select * from source_tab;

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Distributed Restore
Extracts a table called test:source_tab from the most recent backup of dbspace1 and places the data on the database server rem_srv in the table target_dbs:tlr_1 database target_dbs; create table target_tab ( columns );
database test; create table source_tab ( columns ) in dbspace1; insert into target_dbs@rem_srv.target_tab select * from source_tab;

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Ontape Features
Backup at the Server level Support for incremental backups Manual or continuous logical log backup Restore entire system or single dbspace Backup is self describing All data backup is from the archive start time or before No longer required to set TAPESIZE Backup & Restore using STDIO

Large file support in ontape Support of External Backup & Restore New option to salvage log using ontape
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Ontape

onconfig reserve pages

Database server
Physical Log

ontape Backup Media

Logical Logs

online log

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On-Bar Features
Parallel backup and restore System and dbspace level backup and restore Support for incremental backups Manual or automatic backup of logical logs Instance point-in time recovery Open interface for communication with storage managers (XBSA) Re-Directed Restore

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OnBar Architecture
onbar Storage Manager
Backup Media onconfig

X B S A

onbar_d

Database server

debug log

activity log

emergency Boot file

sysutils

online log

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External Backup & Restore (EBR) Features


External Backup and Restore

EBR allows administrators to make a consistent copy of their dbspaces using external tools
Used with many 3rd party backup products Allows for both cold and warm restores

Basic Steps
Block server at checkpoint Backup dbspace(s) using third party tools Unblock server

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Flash Copy
Requires Storage System Capability Use EBR technique to block server for copy
Informix Host
IDS IDS IDS on-bar

Storage Spaces and logs

ISM Backup logs Production Server A

FlashCopy Backups

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Remote copy using PPRC


Requires Storage System Capability
Uses EBR technique to block server for copy Makes a flash copy on local storage Establishes PPRC relationship between local and remote site Makes multiple flash copy on remote site

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Remote Copy using PPRC


I n fo r m i x H o s t
IID S DS ID S o n -b a r
Fla s h Co p y D
XB SA

Fla s h Co p y E ...

St o r a g e Lo g i c a l Lo g s Sp a c e s

I SM Lo g s

Fla s h Co p y

P r o d u ctio n Se r ve r A

Fl a s h Co p y

P P RC
P P R C Co p y C Fla s h Co p y B

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Overview
Backup and Restore
New & Recent Features
Backup Options Restore Options Best Practices

High Availability Data Replication


Archive Validation New and Recent HA Feature

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Best Practices

1.Planning

2.Planning
3.Planning

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What is a Successful Recovery?


Successful recovery is defined by your business needs

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Goals For Recovery


Determine acceptable recovery time
How long can your business function without the data? How long can your production system be down during a restore?

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Right, Fast or Cheap?

Choose Two!
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Recovery Strategy

Plan Recovery Goals

Tune the Strategy

Select Tools

Analyze/Test the Strategy

Implement The Strategy


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IBM Software Group

Overview
Backup and Restore
New & Recent Features
Backup Options Restore Options Best Practices

High Availability Data Replication


Archive Validation New and Recent HA Feature

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IBM Software Group

What Is HDR (High Availability Data Replication)?


Two identical servers on two identical machines Primary server
Fully functional server All database activity insert/update/deletes, are performed on this instance Automatically sends logs to secondary server

Secondary server
Read only server : allows read only query Always in recovery mode Receives logs from primary and replay them to keep in sync with primary

When Primary server goes down, secondary server takes over as Standard server

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HDR Key points


Benefits
Easy of administration and setup Reduced downtime using DR switchover Update interval Automatic client redirection using DBPATH Improved performance by using secondary as report server

Limitations
Indexes are locked when created on primary (till they are shipped to secondary) No Replication of Blobspace blobs (only) Non logged databases are not replicated

Independent of geographic location

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HDR Setup
Primary Secondary

ontape sd primary Server-B onmode L 0 / onbar b L 0

B
Logs onmode d p / onbar r -p ontape secondary Server-A

Primary

1) Backup made of primary server 2) Notify primary server identity of secondary 3) Physical restore backup on secondary server 4) Notify secondary server identity of primary 5) Logical log transmission begins
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HDR Normal Operations

Primary

Log Buffers are transferred to Secondary


Network Link For log Transmission

Secondary

Can be Updated

Users reading and updating database Read-only Running Reports


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HDR How it works

AcctTable Logical Log Buffer

AcctTable

LogRecvr

drsecapply

Recovery Buffer

Logical Logs Written to Disk

HDR Buffer DRINTERVAL Sets maximum time lag in seconds for HDR buffer transmission Set to -1 for synchronous.

Reception Buffer

Logical Logs Written to Disk

Primary

Secondary
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HDR Availability - Failover

Primary Down

onmode d standard

Secondary Standard

Users reading and updating database (Not Any More!!)

Read-only Running Reports


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HDR Restart with NO Downtime


Secondary Recovery Down
ontape -p ontape -l oninit -PHY onmode d primary Server-A

Standard Primary

A
onmode d secondary Server-B

1) Switch Server-B to primary mode 2) Physical restore of failed system (if media failure) or restart Server-A to last checkpoint time 3) Notify Secondary server-A identity of Primary server 4) Possibly restore offline/backed up logs 5) Automatically transfers current logs from primary and resume
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HDR Configuration Parameters


DRINTERVAL
Also decides sync or non-sync configuration

DRTIMEOUT
Actual value is 4 times of this

DRAUTO
Controls how the secondary should changes modes

DRLOSTFOUND

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HDR Threads
Main thread
Primary: dr_prsend Secondary: dr_secrecv Primary: dr_prping Secondary: dr_secping Primary: dr_idx_send (dr_btsend) Secondary: dr_idx_recv(dr_btrecv)

Ping thread

Index thread

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IBM Software Group

Overview
Backup and Restore
New & Recent Features
Backup Options Restore Options Best Practices

High Availability Data Replication


High Availability Data Replication Archive Validation

New and Recent HA Feature

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IBM Software Group

Validating Archives
Does not have to be run on the same computer as the archive was taken
Uses very little space ~50MB Both onbar and ontape

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Validation
onbar -v [ other options ]
Are my backups usable?
Run a verification before you need to restore

After a restore fails


Get some idea why the restore failed
Perhaps the data was inconsistent Perhaps the data was incomplete

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What is actually validated


Format of each page on the archive is check (similar to oncheck -cd)
Tape control pages are sanity check Each table is checked ensuring all pages of the table exist on the archive tape

Reserve page format is validated


Each chunk free list is verified Table extents are checked for overlap

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Example of Archive Validation


Backup Validation
onbar -r -v (IDS 7.3)

onbar -v

(IUS 9.X)

Sample Output:
1999-06-28 105444 23595 23594 /spare2/9.20/bin/onbar_d -v Successfully connected to Storage Manager. Begin backup verification of level 0 for rootdbs (Storage Manager copy ID 102). Completed level 0 backup verification successfully. /spare2/9.20/bin/onbar_d complete, returning 0 (0x00)

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IBM Software Group

Overview
Backup and Restore
New & Recent Features Backup Options Restore Options Best Practices

High Availability Data Replication


Archive Validation New and Recent HA Feature

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IBM Software Group

Other Recent HA Features


Fast Restart
Ensure logical recovery is limited in time

Redundant Network Listeners


Multiple listener can now monitor a single network port

External Directives
The ability to add directives to SQL statements without modifying the program

Single User Mode


An administration mode in which only user informix can connect to the database

Re-Send Index
In an HDR environment copy an index from the primary to correct a corrupted index on the secondary

HDR setup using EBR


Using External Backup and Restore to setup HDR

Drop and Create an index online


Dropping or creating an index without locking the table while user are modifying the table

ER auto resync
Automatically resync or repair tables in ER

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Other HA Features
Database mirroring
Thread suspension Online configuration tuning Online index checking Dynamic lock table allocation (avoiding out of locks) Event Alarms automatic notification of database events Enterprise Replication

InPlace Alter Table

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Questions

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