INTRODUCTION

Use of parallel simulation on distributed memory machine where a system comprises of separate computers interconnected by a communication network. New memory management protocolPruneback protocol i.e. discarding previous states.

MEMORY USAGE
Parallel execution with same amount of memory as that of sequential execution is preferred as it requires minimum memory. This is called memory optimal techniquecompleting the simulation in an amount of memory of the same order as that required for sequential. Memory stall-insuffcient memory leading to the stalling of the overall simulation.Our aim is to delay the onset of a memory stall.

MEMORY OBJECTS State storage-stores the states required by an LP during execution. Input message storage-stores the messages received by an LP. Output message storage-stores the messages sent by an LP.

EGVT

LVT VIRTUAL TIME

SGVT

GVT

LVT- Local virtual time GVT-Global virtual time. It is the value to be calculated if simulation was stopped.No rollbacks to a simulation time greater than GVT. EGVT- A current estimate for GVT. SGVT- In case of the absence of the EGVT state ,it is the largest time smaller than EGVT called surrogate GVT. Time stamps smaller than SGVT are treated as fossils and are deleted from the storage.

MEMORY POOL MODELS

Process pool- pool prelocated to the process. Processor pool- a pool prelocated to the processor that executes that LP. Global pool- pool used by all the LPs.Normally used in case of distributed memory archtecture.

MEMORY MANAGEMENT TECHNIQUES.

ALGORITHM THAT DISCARDS VALUES THAT ARE NO LONHER NEEDED. - whenever the EGVT is calculated SGVT goes on advancing and the previous values goes on discarding and becomes fossils. We can get rid of undesirable values.

 ALGORITHMS THAT ATTEMPT TO USE LESS MEMORY - Reducing the size of states that must be saved i.e. saving only the subset of each state. - Reducing the number of states that must be saved i.e. using checkpoint interval greater than one.

 ALGORITHMS THAT ATTEMPT TO REDUCE MEMORY STALL. - Discard one or more objects from the availaible memory in order to obtain some free space required for further simulation.Some of the algorithms area) Memory stall trigger b) Memory recovery target c) Combination of both trigger and target.

ALGORITHMS TO REMOVE THE MEMORY STALL

Memory stall trigger Used by LP to allocate extra storage. Self triggered memory stall- LP in the process pool memory model runs out of memory Locally triggered memory stall- occurs in processor pool memory model when there is no more memory for any of the LPs on the given processor. Globally triggered memory stall- all the memory in the global pool memory model has been exhausted.

Memory recovery targetsThree sets of LPs from which memory targets can be chosen Self target system-to reduce space usage within the LP which has detectedthe memory exhaustion condition. Local target system- LP resident at the same processor as the LP which detected the memory exhaustion takes the action Global target system- any LP takes remedial action.

COMBINATION OF TRIGGERS AND TARGETS

Self-trigger,self -target technique Message sendback Gafnis protocol Cancelback Artificial rollback

Local trigger,local target techniques-

Artificial rollback-A Rollback-Based Recovery Scheme

Pruneback-A Non-Rollback-Based Recovery Scheme

RESULTS
Artificial rollback resultsmemory decreased

Number of states rollback more

More calculations More execution time