DETERMNATON OF

MCROBAL MOTLTY
Group 2
Amper, Henry
Cordero, Alexis
Hernandez, Crizzia
ntroduction
Most of the bacteria and archaea are able to swim using
flagella.
Flagella are functionally similar to those of eukaryotes, but
are structurally very different.
Bacterial flagella are made of a protein called flagellin,
and are too small to see without special staining methods
or without using the microscope.
The location of the flagella is determined by the bacterial
species.
Non-motile bacteria do not possess flagella.
hat is motility?
Bacterial motility was recognized 300 years ago.
t is the ability of an organism to move by itself.
One advantage of motility is that it enables a bacterium to
move toward a favorable environment or away from an
adverse one.
hat is a true motility?
True motility (self-propulsion) has been recognized in
bacteria.
Bacteria that possess flagella exhibit flagellar motion.
Helically-shaped spirochetes have axial fibrils (modified
flagella that wrap around the bacterium) that form axial
filaments.
Spirochetes move in a corkscrew- and bending-type
motion.
Other bacteria simply slide over moist surfaces
in a form of gliding motion.
hat is Brownian motion?
Brownian motion was discovered by a biologist Robert
Brown in 1827
Many bacteria show no motion and are termed nonmotile.
n an aqueous environment these same bacteria appear
to be moving erratically.
This erratic movement is due to Brownian movement.
Brownian movement results from the random motion of
the water molecules bombarding the bacteria and causing
them to move.
!ROCEDURES
et Mount !reparation
Hanging Drop !reparation
Culture Method
et Mount !reparation
Hanging Drop !reparation
Culture Method
Culture Method
RESULTS AND
DSCUSSON
!ond ater
Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Culture Media
Results
Movement in microorganisms in pond water (H!O)
hat type of motion is was exhibited?
True motility was exhibited because it moves in different
direction.
Saccharomyces cerevisiae (H!O)
hat type of motion was exhibited?
Brownian motion was exhibited because of certain forces
present.
Culture Media
icrococcus luteus
Culture Media
Staphylococcus aureus
Culture Media
!roteus vulgaris
n agar stab method !roteus vulgaris showed a well dispersed growth
from the line of inoculation which is evident of motility
Motility of the Observed Microorganisms
Microorganism MotiIity
!roteus vulgaris
Staphylococcus aureus -
Saccharomyces cerevisiae -
icrococcus luteus -
Hanging Drop
a drop of medium containing cells to be observed is
allowed to hang in the cavity of the slide
it allows for longer-term observation
more reliable observation of motility.
!etroleum jelly is a type of sealing material that is used
primarily to reduce evaporation of liquid and to eliminate
air current in the preparation.
et Mount
Advantages:
Quickest means for determining motility.
Useful for determining cellular shape and arrangement
Disadvantages:
The slide quickly dries out, rendering the organisms
immotile.
f the organism is pathogenic, there is the possibility of
danger to the person in handling viable organisms on a
slide.
et mounts cannot be stored over a longer time.
Brownian motion VS True motility
rownian motion True motiIity
the organism oscillates at its place
and does not change the position in
the field
the organism changes its position
Hanging Drop VS et Mount
Hanging Drop Wet Mount
increased capacity of aeration as the
drop is surrounded by an air space.
The optical path is due to the
inclu-sion of an air layer in between
the glass slide and the sample.
Motility
Motile bacteria contains receptors in different locations.
Receptors pick up chemical stimuli (oxygen, ribose,
galactose) where information is now passed to the
flagella.
Chemotactic signal is positive = attractant
Attractant bacteria moves toward the stimulus with runs
and tumbles
Chemotactic signal is negative = repeIIent
Repellent where the frequency of tumbles increases as
the bacteria moves away from the stimulus
Motility
A bacterium that moves in one direction for a length of
time, the movement is called a run or swim.
Runs are interrupted by periodic, abrupt, random changes
in direction called tumbIes.
Tumbles are caused by a reversal of flagellar rotation.
The movement of bacterium toward or away from a
particular stimulus is a taxis.
Technical nformation and Limitations
Bacterial motility must be distinguished from Brownian
motion.
eakly motile bacteria may require prolonged
observation of individual cells.
Motility results are difficult to determine for anaerobic
bacteria. Only a positive result is significant.
Some bacteria are motile at one temperature and non
motile when incubated at another.
Some bacteria become less motile in old cultures. Repeat
motility testing on a fresh sub culture.
References:
Microbiology An ntroduction 8
th
edition. Gerard Tortora et al.
et Mount and Hanging Drop.
<http://www.austincc.edu/microbugz/wet_mount_and_hanging_
drop.php>
The Hanging Drop Slide and Bacterial Motility.
http://nhjy.hzau.edu.cn/kech/biology/syzd/shiyan/s1.htm
Hanging Drop !reparation and its Modifications.
http://www.microbiologyprocedure.com/microscopy-methods-
in-microbiology/hanging-drop-preparation-and-its-
modifications.html
Motility Test. Sakshat Virtual Labs.
<http://amrita.vlab.co.in/?sub=3&brch=73&sim=697&cnt=2>