PROSPECTOR

Developed By: Aditya U. Chhatre

An Introduction
consultation system to assist geologists working in mineral exploration developed by Hart and Duda of SRI International attempts to represent the knowledge and reasoning processes of experts in the geological domain intended user is an exploration geologist in the early stages of investigating a possible drilling site

Operational details :
Characteristics of a particular 'prospect'(exploration site) volunteered by expert PROSPECTOR compares observations with stored models of ore deposits PROSPECTOR compares observations with stored models of ore deposits PROSPECTOR notes similarities, differences and missing information

(POSPECTOR asks for additional information if necessary)

PROSPECTOR assesses the mineral potential of the prospect

PROSPECTOR performs a consultation to determine such things as which model best fits the data where the most favorable drilling sites are located what additional data would be most helpful in reaching firmer conclusions what is the basis for these conclusions and recommendations

Features of PROSPECTOR

EXPERT SYSTEMS BUILDING TOOLS:

An expert system tool, or shell, is a software development environment containing the basic components of expert systems. Associated with a shell is a prescribed method for building applications by configuring and instantiating these components. Some of the generic components of a shell are shown in Figure 3.1 and described below. The core components of expert systems are the knowledge base and the reasoning engine.

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Knowledge base: A store of factual and heuristic knowledge. An ES tool provides one or more knowledge representation schemes for expressing knowledge about the application domain. Some tools use both frames (objects) and IF-THEN rules. In PROLOG the knowledge is represented as logical statements. Reasoning engine: Inference mechanisms for manipulating the symbolic information and knowledge in the knowledge base to form a line of reasoning in solving a problem. The inference mechanism can range from simple modus ponens backward chaining of IF-THEN rules to case-based reasoning. Knowledge acquisition subsystem: A subsystem to help experts build knowledge bases. Collecting knowledge needed to solve problems and build the knowledge base continues to be the biggest bottleneck in building expert systems. Explanation subsystem: A subsystem that explains the system's actions. The explanation can range from how the final or intermediate solutions were arrived at to justifying the need for additional data. User interface: The means of communication with the user. The user interface is generally not a part of the ES technology, and was not given much attention in the past. However, it is now widely accepted that the user interface can make a critical difference in the perceived utility of a system regardless of the system's performance.

ES Tool VENDORS `

ES Building Tools:
Recently, new types of tools have come on the market that are characterized
according to 1. tasks (e.g., diagnosis, planning) 2. problem-solving approaches. The emergence of such tools reflects the market condition in which vertical tools are perceived to be easier to use and easier to sell. A problem-specific, or task-specific tool contains knowledge representation schemes and reasoning methods found useful for a particular class of applications and a task ontology associated with the problem class.

Knowledge representation
Knowledge representation (KR) is an area of artificial intelligence research aimed at representing knowledge in symbols to facilitate inference from those knowledge elements, creating new elements of knowledge. The KR can be made to be independent of the underlying knowledge model or knowledge base system (KBS). Semantic net -It is a network which represents semantic relations among concepts. This is often used as a form of knowledge representation. It is a directed or undirected graph consisting of vertices, which represent concepts, and edges.

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Frame net - A frame representation systems (FRS organizes) knowledge in an ``object-oriented'' manner, which means that facts are associated with the objects mentioned in the facts. A frame is an object with which facts are associated. Frames have the required property of being named; that is, the FRS maintains a mapping from names to frame objects. A frame exists in the finite storage of a knowledge base.

Thank

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