● Managing people working as
individuals and in groups
©Ian Sommerville 2000
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Software Engineering, 6th edition. Chapter 22 Slide 7
Shortterm memory
● Fast access, limited capacity
● 57 locations
● Holds 'chunks' of information where the size of
a chunk may vary depending on its familiarity
● Fast decay time
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©Ian Sommerville 2000
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Software Engineering, 6th edition. Chapter 22 Slide 14
Knowledge acquisition
● Semantic knowledge through experience and
active learning the 'ah' factor
● Syntactic knowledge acquired by memorisation.
● New syntactic knowledge can interfere with
existing syntactic knowledge.
• Problems arise for experienced programmers in mixing up
syntax of different programming languages
©Ian Sommerville 2000
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Software Engineering, 6th edition. Chapter 22 Slide 18
Motivation
● An important role of a manager is to motivate the
people working on a project
● Motivation is a complex issue but it appears that
their are different types of motivation based on
• Basic needs (e.g. food, sleep, etc.)
• Personal needs (e.g. respect, selfesteem)
• Social needs (e.g. to be accepted as part of a group)
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©Ian Sommerville 2000 Software Engineering, 6th edition. Chapter 22 Slide 27
Group composition
● Group composed of members who share the
same motivation can be problematic
• Taskoriented everyone wants to do their own thing
• Selforiented everyone wants to be the boss
• Interactionoriented too much chatting, not enough work
● An effective group has a balance of all types
● Can be difficult to achieve because most
engineers are taskoriented
● Need for all members to be involved in decisions
which affect the group
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©Ian Sommerville 2000 Software Engineering, 6th edition. Chapter 22 Slide 38
Chief programmer teams
● Consist of a kernel of specialists helped by others
added to the project as required
● The motivation behind their development is the
wide difference in ability in different
programmers
● Chief programmer teams provide a supporting
environment for very able programmers to be
responsible for most of the system development
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©Ian Sommerville 2000
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Software Engineering, 6th edition. Chapter 22 Slide 46
The People Capability Maturity Model
● Intended as a framework for managing the
development of people involved in software
development
● Five stage model
• Initial. Adhoc people management
• Repeatable. Policies developed for capability improvement
• Defined. Standardised people management across the
organisation
• Managed. Quantitative goals for people management in place
• Optimizing. Continuous focus on improving individual
competence and workforce motivation