Means of information and communication technology

By:Wafi Class: 7-B

Ancient Communication Media

1. Kentongan Has been used for a longtime, sterted from kingdom of denmark, surakarta, yogyakarta and etc Fungtion To give information (code/sign) for flood,robbery,party, celebration Sign that praying time has come

Smoke Famous for Indian tribe in America Function send secret information to a friend or foe Semple: one cloud of smoke means warning Two cloud of smoke mean danger threetrouble/reques t for help

 Epigraphy and Palmyra palm Palmyra palms are economically useful, and widely cultivated in tropical regions. The palmyra palm has long been one of the most important trees of Cambodia and India, where it has over 800 uses. The leaves are used forthatching, mats, baskets, fans, hats, umbr ellas, and as writing material.

Modern communication
The internet, cell phones, fax machines and pagers are a way of life in modern society. All these technologies rely on lasers and fiber optics. The principle behind a laser lies embedded in the heart of quantum mechanics. Einstein built on the theory of quantum mechanics to explain the photoelectric effect in 1905 and showed that electrons could absorb and emit the energy of photons. In 1917, he went on to discover that this emission could be focused so that it occurs at a single frequency. This is known as stimulated emission. Scientists applied this principle in the mid-1950s to stimulate emission of microwaves using a device called a maser. They then applied the same principle to visible light and used the term laser for this device. However, they could not produce a steady laser light, which was necessary for practical applications (see Physics in the 20th Century).

 Research on semiconductors led to the development of semiconductor lasers. By the late 1960s, researchers had devised a method to operate lasers continuously at room temperatures using layers of semiconductors. Now they needed to find a method to transmit light across large distances (seeSemiconductor Lasers). Although scientists knew that glass fibers could carry light over short distances, it was not a very efficient process. Theoretical work showing that light loss in glass fibers could be decreased dramatically spurred experimental efforts to produce such fibers.

 Researchers continued exploring techniques to

decrease light loss in optical fibers. It then became possible to take fiber-optic communication out of the laboratory and into everyday life. Meanwhile, scientists continued improving laser technology and by the late 1970s, commercial use of fiberoptic systems had begun (see Practical Systems Take Shape). As fiber optic cables began to be used world-wide, basic research continued to yield improvements in the systems. Yet more possibilities for improvement in high-speed data lines are available and looming on the horizon (see Basic Research Remains Vital).

 A newspaper is a scheduled publication containing news of current events, informative articles, diverse features and advertising. It usually is printed on relatively inexpensive, low-grade paper such as newsprint. By 2007, there were 6580 daily newspapers in the world selling 395 million copies a day. The worldwide recession of 2008, combined with the rapid growth of web-based alternatives, caused a serious decline in advertising and circulation, as many papers closed or sharply retrenched operations.[1]

 Television (TV) is a telecommunication medium for transmitting and receiving moving images that can be monochrome (black-and-white) or colored, with accompanying sound. "Television" may also refer specifically to a television set, television programming, television transmission.

 The Daily Telegraph is a daily morning broadsheet newspaper distributed throughout the United Kingdom and internationally. The newspaper was founded by Arthur B. Sleigh in June 1855 as the Daily Telegraph and Courier, and is since 2004 owned by David and Frederick Barclay.

 Facsimile A facsimile (from Latin fac simile, "made alike") is a copy or reproduction of an old book, manuscript, map, art print, or other item of historical value that is as true to the original source as possible. It differs from other forms of reproduction by attempting to replicate the source as accurately as possible in terms of scale, color, condition, and other material qualities.

 Comunication Radio Radio is the transmission of signals through free space by modulation of electromagnetic waves with frequencies below those of visible light.[1]Electromagnetic radiation travels by means of oscillating electromagnetic fields that pass through the air and the vacuum of space.

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