SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT & HANDLING

1. WASTE GENERATION 2. WASTE HANDLING & SEPARATION, STORAGE &PROCESSING AT SOURCE 3. COLLECTION 4. SEPARATION & PROCESSING & TRANSFORMATION OF SOLID WASTE 5. TRANSFER &TRANSPORT 6. DISPOSAL

1. WASTE GENERATION
Waste generated from: 1. 2. 3. 4. Resident and commercial Institutional Construction & demolition Selected industrial & agricultural waste

2. WASTE HANDLING & SEPARATION, STORAGE &PROCESSING AT SOURCE

Waste Separation Through Material Recovery Facilities Further separation and processing of waste that have been source separated as well as the separation of mixed waste usually occurs at material recovery facilities. The material to be processed are mixed newspaper and cardboard, mixed plastic and glass, and aluminum and tin cans. In addition, the facility also serves as a buy-back center.

3. COLLECTION
Definition The term collection, includes not only the gathering or picking up of solid wastes from the various sources, but also the hauling of these waste to the location where the content of the collection vehicles are emptied. The unloading of collection vehicle is also considered part of the collection operation Gathering and picking up of waste are differ due to difference in facilities activities or location where waste are generated and the method used for on-site storage.

4. TRANSFER &TRANSPORT
Types of transfer station Direct-load transfer stations At direct-load transfer stations, the wastes in the collection vehicles are emptied directly into the vehicle to be used to transport them to a place of final disposition or into facilities to compact the waste into waste transport vehicles into waste bares. Storage-load transfer station In the storage-load transfer station,wastes are emptied directly into a storage pit from which they are loaded into transport vehicles by various types of auxiliary equipment. The difference between a direct-load and a storage-load transfer station is the latter is designed with a capacity to store waste ( typically 1-3 days).

Methods Motor Vehicle Transport Where the point of final disposition can be reached by motor vehicles, the most common means used to transport solid wastes from transfer station are trailers, semitrailers, and compactors. All the types of vehicles can be used in conjunction with either type of transfer station. In general, vehicles used for hauling on high-ways should satisfy the following requirements: Wastes must be transported at minimum cost. Wastes must be covered during the haul operation. Vehicles must be designed for highway traffic. Vehicle capacity must be such that the allowable weight limits are not exceeded. Methods used for unloading must be simple and dependable. Railroad Transport Although railroad were commonly used for the transport of solid wastes in the past, they are now used by only a few communities. However, renewed interest is again developing in the use railroads for hauling solid, waste, especially to remote landfill areas where highway travel is difficult and railroad line now exist. Water Transport Small Ship, boats, ferry, and special boats have been used in the past to transport solid waste to processing locations and ocean disposal sites. One of the major problems encountered when ocean vessels are used for the transport of solid wastes is that it is often impossible to move the barges and boats during high tide. In such cases, the waste must be stored, entailing the construction of costly storage facilities.

5. WASTE TREATMENT
1. Thermal treatment 2. Chemical treatment 3. Biological treatment

6. DISPOSAL

TYPES OF LANDFILLS Landfill of mixed waste Limited amount of non-hazardous industrial waste and sludge from water and waste water sludge are accepted To obtain additional landfill capacity, excavating the decomposed material to recover the metals and using the decomposed residue as daily cover for the new waste. In Some cases, the decomposed waste are excavated and stockpiled, and a liner is installed before landfill is re-activated.

Landfill of shredded solid waste Shredded or milled waste can be placed at up to 35% percent grater in density that un-shredded waste. Because shredded waste can be compacted to a tighter and more uniform surface, a reduce amount of soil cover or some other cover material may be sufficient to control infiltration of water during the filling operation. The shredded waste method has a potential application in areas where landfill capacity is very expensive because of the greater compaction obtainable.

Landfill for individual waste constituent Landfills for individual waste constituent are known as monofills Combustion ash, and other similar waste are often identified as designated waste, typically placed in monofills to isolate them from materials placed in municipal solid waste landfills. Because combustion ash contains small amount of unburned organic material, the production of odours from reduction of sulphate has been a problem in monofills used combustion ash.