Computer and Information Technology for (HKCEE) Module D

5.1Different Video Attributes

5.2 Common Video File Formats
5.3 Balancing between File Size and Video Quality
5.4 Making Video Elements Fit Our Needs
5.5 Capturing Video
5.6Converting Video Elements from One File Type to A
5.7 Editing and Processing of Videos
 Computer and Information
Technology for (HKCEE)
Module D: Part A

5.1 Different Video Attributes

Video standards
different countries in the world uses different
video standards for broadcasting

Page2
© Longman Hong Kong Education
 Computer and Information
Technology for (HKCEE)
Module D: Part A

5.1 Different Video Attributes

Digitized video
consist of sequence of frames accompanied with
an audio track
the larger the frame size of a digitised movie, the
more image details involved, and the more
computer storage is needed

Page3
© Longman Hong Kong Education
 Computer and Information
Technology for (HKCEE)
Module D: Part A

5.1 Different Video Attributes

Digitized video

Frame 1 Frame 2 Frame 3 Frame 4 Frame 5 Frame 6 Frame 7 Frame 8

Frame 9 Frame 10 Frame 11 Frame 12 Frame 13 Frame 14 Frame 15 Frame 16

Page4
© Longman Hong Kong Education
 Computer and Information
Technology for (HKCEE)
Module D: Part A

5.1 Different Video Attributes

Common frame sizes
the audience requirement
the bandwidth available
Aspect ratio
the ratio of the video width to its height

Page5
© Longman Hong Kong Education
 Computer and Information
Technology for (HKCEE)
Module D: Part A

5.1 Different Video Attributes

Frame sizes and aspect video of different
types of video
Types of video Framesizes Aspect ratio
Video mail 160 × 120 4:3
Web video 240 × 160 4:3
Pal VCD 352 × 288 11:9
Super Video CD 480 × 576 5:6
Pal DVD 720 × 576 5:4

Page6
© Longman Hong Kong Education
 Computer and Information
Technology for (HKCEE)
Module D: Part A

5.1 Different Video Attributes

Frame rate
the number of frames or images that are projected
or displayed per second
unit: fps
the higher the frame rate, the smoother the video
motion will be
Common frame rate used
NTSC TV: 29.97 fps
PAL TV: 25 fps
Movie films: 24 fps
Computer video: 12 fps or 15 fps
Page7
© Longman Hong Kong Education
 Computer and Information
Technology for (HKCEE)
Module D: Part A

5.1 Different Video Attributes

Bit rate (bandwidth)
the amount of information allocated per second
during video encoding
unit: bps (bit per second)
Codec
stand for compression / decompression
an algorithm or specialized computer
reduce the number of bytes consumed by large files
and programs

Page8
© Longman Hong Kong Education
 Computer and Information
Technology for (HKCEE)
Module D: Part A

5.1 Different Video Attributes

Example
colour depth = 24 bit
frame size = 720 × 576
frame rate = 25 fps
the amount of information displayed
on screen per second
(720 × 576) pixels/frame × 24 bit/pixel × 25 frame/seco nd
=
8 bytes/bit
= 31,104,000 bytes
= 29.7 MB/second

Page9
© Longman Hong Kong Education
 Computer and Information
Technology for (HKCEE)
Module D: Part A

5.1 Different Video Attributes

Compression
reduce the amount of data needed to reproduce
video
save storage space
increase access speed
Compression Decompression
Compression Decompressed
Original video
video file video file
Storage Playback
The idea of video compression and decompression
Page10
© Longman Hong Kong Education
 Computer and Information
Technology for (HKCEE)
Module D: Part A

5.1 Different Video Attributes

Codec
most codec are lossy
a quality factor or encoding bit rate to govern the
final video file size
Common codecs

DivX
Cinepak Microsoft MPEG-4 Video Codec
Page11
© Longman Hong Kong Education
 Computer and Information
Technology for (HKCEE)
Module D: Part A

5.1 Different Video Attributes

Common codecs

Page12
© Longman Hong Kong Education
 Computer and Information
Technology for (HKCEE)
Module D: Part A

5.2 Common Video File Formats

Audio Video Interleaved (AVI)
a sound and motion picture file format for
Microsoft’s Video for Windows standard
one of the earliest video formats in Windows
gain strong support from video editing software
with little or no compression capability
the format is interleaved

Page13
© Longman Hong Kong Education
 Computer and Information
Technology for (HKCEE)
Module D: Part A

5.2 Common Video File Formats

Moving Picture Experts Group (MPEG)
develop standards for digital video and audio
compression
MPEG format
store only the changes from one frame to another
achieve high compression rate
lossy compression
The idea of MPEG compression
key frames are standalone frames
provide base information for predicted frames
Page14
© Longman Hong Kong Education
 Computer and Information
Technology for (HKCEE)
Module D: Part A

5.2 Common Video File Formats

Common MPEG standards

Page15
© Longman Hong Kong Education
 Computer and Information
Technology for (HKCEE)
Module D: Part A

5.2 Common Video File Formats

RealVideo
developed by Real
Networks
aims
provide smooth delivery
of video on the web
allow tailor-made quality
can only be played by
RealOne Player RealOne Player

Page16
© Longman Hong Kong Education
 Computer and Information
Technology for (HKCEE)
Module D: Part A

5.2 Common Video File Formats

RealVideo support video streaming
a user does not have to wait to download the whole
video file before watching it

Without streaming With streaming

Page17
© Longman Hong Kong Education
 Computer and Information
Technology for (HKCEE)
Module D: Part A

5.2 Common Video File Formats

video can be encoded as Real Video format

Helix Producer

Page18
© Longman Hong Kong Education
 Computer and Information
Technology for (HKCEE)
Module D: Part A

5.2 Common Video File Formats

QuickTime (MOV)
developed by
Macintosh
a popular audio, video
and even virtual reality
(VR) formats
can be played by
QuickTime Player

QuickTime Player
Page19
© Longman Hong Kong Education
 Computer and Information
Technology for (HKCEE)
Module D: Part A

5.2 Common Video File Formats

QuickTime VR
support virtual reality
(VR) format
can display 360º
panoramas of scenic

QuickTime VR

Page20
© Longman Hong Kong Education
 Computer and Information
Technology for (HKCEE)
Module D: Part A

5.3 Balancing between File size and

Video Quality
The factors that affect video quality and file size
Codec and Codec
Frame size
bit rate

Video
quality

Frame rate File size

Page21
© Longman Hong Kong Education
 Computer and Information
Technology for (HKCEE)
Module D: Part A

5.4 Making Video Elements Fit Our

Needs

Page22
© Longman Hong Kong Education
 Computer and Information
Technology for (HKCEE)
Module D: Part A

5.4 Making Video Elements Fit Our

Needs
Video formats developed by Microsoft
Windows Media Video (WMV)
Advanced Streaming Format (ASF)

Page23
© Longman Hong Kong Education
 Computer and Information
Technology for (HKCEE)
Module D: Part A

5.5 Capturing Video

Video capture card
convert analogue video tapes to digital format
Types of video capture cards
capture digital video directly from DV camcorders
using IEEE 1394
receive standard analogue signals from video
cassette recorder, and then convert them to digital
data

Page24
© Longman Hong Kong Education
 Computer and Information
Technology for (HKCEE)
Module D: Part A

5.6 Converting Video Elements from

One File Type to Another
Video files can be converted to different
formats
AVI ： easy to edit
MPEG ： produce high compression ratio
QuickTime and RealVideo ： tailor-made for
streaming and web broadcast

Page25
© Longman Hong Kong Education
 Computer and Information
Technology for (HKCEE)
Module D: Part A

5.7 Editing and Processing of Videos

edit and process by
capture video files
video editing software
multimedia
production

post on
web

Page26
© Longman Hong Kong Education
 Computer and Information
Technology for (HKCEE)
Module D: Part A

5.7 Editing and Processing of Videos

Video editing software

Adobe Premiere
Ulead MediaStudio Pro
Page27
© Longman Hong Kong Education
 Computer and Information
Technology for (HKCEE)
Module D: Part A

5.7 Editing and Processing of Videos

Common video editing techniques
trimming video clips
adding transitions
importing still images
adding background music

Page28
© Longman Hong Kong Education
Computer and Information Technology for (HKCEE) Module D

END