Presented by Kritika Saraf 11408023 Btech,Genetic Engineering

Definition of Leukemia: Cancer that starts in blood-forming tissue such as the bone marrow and causes large numbers of white blood cells to be produced and enter the bloodstream.

Most blood cells develop from stem cells give rise to Red blood cells White blood cells platelets

In a person with leukemia, the bone marrow makes abnormal white blood cells. The abnormal cells are leukemia cells. The term leukemia comes from the Greek leukos - white, and haima blood

First recognized by the Greeks in the 4th or the 5th century B.C. However, Leukemia was first officially diagnosed by John Hughes Benett in Edinburgh in 1845. In the 19th century, physicians referred to it as weisses blut, meaning white blood.

Based on how quickly the disease develops : Chronic leukemia Acute leukemia

There are four common sub-types of leukemia: Chronic lymphocytic leukemia(CLL) Chronic myeloid leukemia(CML) Acute lymphocytic (lymphoblastic) leukemia(ALL) Acute myeloid leukemia(AML)

Hairy cell leukemia is a rare type of leukemia. Characterized by an accumulation of abnormal B lymphocytes. It is usually classified as a sub-type of chronic lymphoid Leukemia.

100/100,000 people affected in the USA while 19/100,000 people affected in India. ALL is the most common pediatric cancer 80% of children with acute leukemia have ALL ALL most commonly a childhood disease Peak incidence between ages 2 and 6 yr old More common in males, whites compared to blacks, and Jews compared to non-Jews

Mutation in SPRED1 gene has been associated with childhood leukemia. Function: The encoded protein can act as a homodimer or as a heterodimer with SPRED2 to regulate activation of the MAP kinase Cascade. Mutation causes improper haematopoiesis of bone marrow. A mutation in a gene called DAPK1 causes leukemia. DAPK1 normally helps trigger the death of cells before they become cancerous. The chemical change is called DNA methylation. Healthy cells use this process to silence unneeded genes. But abnormal DNA methylation can turn off genes that control cell growth, and that lead to tumor growth.

Marker for B-Lineage ALL is CD19.It is absent in normal myeloid cell.Hence it is an ideal target for antibody-targeting treatment of leukemia

Physical examination Blood tests Biopsy Cytogenetic tests Chest X-Ray Spinal tap

The choice of treatment depends mainly on the following: The type of leukemia (acute or chronic) Age Whether leukemia cells were found in the cerebrospinal fluid Methods 1. Chemotherapy 2. Radiation therapy 3. Targetted therapy 4. Stem cell transplant

Researchers at Kings College London have discovered that leukemic stem cells can be reversed to a pre-leukemic stage by suppressing a protein called beta-catenin found in the blood. beta-catenin is not required for normal blood stem cells. So if we can specifically target beta-catenin in the bone marrow, we can have potentially a more effective and less toxic anti-leukemia therapy.

The mechanisms behind these molecular changes to find out why beta-catenin is so important in the development of MLL leukemia is still going on.

 National

cancer institute under National institute of health(NIH) IRIC-institute for research in immunology and research Institute of oncology Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research

walk to remember My sisters keeper The Sisterhood of the Travelling Pants Dying Young (1991) Love Story (1970) The Last Snows of Spring (1973) Last Feelings (1978) Bobita (Bengali) Cheeni kum (Hindi)

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