COMMUNICATIONS PROCEDURES

ALEXANDER YULIANTO Directorate of Aviation Safety Directorate General of Civil Aviation

TUJUAN PELAYANAN TELEKOMUNIKASI INTERNASIONAL PENERBANGAN

HUBUNGAN RADIO KOMUNIKASI

SEMUA STASIUN
HARUS MENJAWAB PANGGILAN YANG DITUJUKAN KEPADA MEREKA OLEH STASIUN LAIN DI DALAM PELAYANAN TELEKOMUNIKASI PENERBANGAN DAN HARUS TUKAR-MENUKAR KOMUNIKASI BERDASARKAN PERMINTAAN.

KETETAPAN ITU
SEMUA TRANSMISI DILAKUKAN DENGAN TIDAK BENAR ATAU IDENTIFIKASI YANG MENYESATKAN ADALAH

DILARANG
3.6.1

Dalam semua komunikasi standard disiplin yang paling harus diamati terus menerus.

Phraseology standar ICAO harus digunakan dalam semua situasi untuk yang mana telah ditetapkan. Hanya ketika phraseology standar tidak bisa melayani suatu transmisi yang dimaksudkan, plain lainguage harus digunakan

5.1.1/5.1.1.1

CATEGORIES OF MESSAGES
1

DISTRESS CALL, DISTRESS MESSAGES and DISTRESS TRAFFIC

URGENCY MESSAGES, including messages preceded by the medical transports signal COMMUNICATIONS RELATING TO DIRECTION FINDING FLIGHT SAFETY MESSAGES METEOROLOGICAL MESSAGES FLIGHT REGULARITY MESSAGES

3 4 5 6

5.1.8

CANCELLATION OF MESSAGES
INCOMPLETE TRANSMISSIONS

DISREGARD CANCEL

COMPLETE TRANSMISSIONS

Messages shall be cancelled by a telecommunication station only when cancellation is authorized by

THE MESSAGE ORIGINATOR

5.1.9 / 3.8.1

TRANSMITTING TECHNIQUE
setiap berita tertulis harus dibacakan untuk mengurangi penundaan yang tak perlu dalam komunikasi. `` Pengiriman harus dengan nada percakapan normal ; penggunaan standar penuh harus dibuatkan dalam standar phraseology sebagaimana ditentukan dalam dokumen atau prosedur-prosedur ICAO yang relevan

5.2.1.5.1 / 5.2.1.5.2

ICAO SPELLING ALPHABET

When proper names, service abbreviations and words of which the spelling is doubtful are : SPELLED OUT In THE RADIOTELEPHONY SPELLING ALPHABET.

5.2.1.3

PRONUNCIATION OF NUMBERS
WHEN ENGLISH LANGUAGE TO BE USED, NUMBERS SHALL BE TRANSMITTED USING THE FOLLOWING PRONUN-CIATION :

Numeral

Pronunciation

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 DECIMAL HUNDRED THOUSAND

5.2.1.4.3.1

ZE-RO WUN TOO TREE FOW-ER FIFE SIX SEV-en AIT NIN-er DAY-SEE-MAL HUN-dred TOU-SAND

TRANSMISSION OF NUMBERS
ALL NUMBERS SHALL BE TRANSMITTED BY PRONOUNCING

EACH DIGIT SEPARATELY.

KECUALI

ALL NUMBERS USED IN THE TRANSMISSION OF :

ALTITUDE CLOUD HEIGHT VISIBILITY RUNWAY VISUAL RANGE (RVR)

WHICH CONTAIN WHOLE HUNDREDS AND WHOLE THOUSANDS, SHALL BE TRANSMITTED SHALL BE PRONOUNCING EACH DIGIT IN THE NUMBER :

HUNDRED
THOUSAND
5.2.1.4.1.1 / 5.2.1.4.1.2

followed by the word

followed by the word

HUNDRED
THOUSAND

COMBINATION OF THOUSAND AND WHOLE HUNDREDS

SHALL BE TRANSMITTED BY PRONOUNCING EACH DIGIT IN THE NUMBER OF THOUSANDS FOLLOWED BY THE WORD : THOUSAND

THE NUMBER OF HUNDRED FOLLOWED BY THE WORD: HUNDRED

5.2.1.4.1.2

NUMBERS CONTAINING A DECIMAL POINT

SHALL BE TRANSMITTED BY THE WORD

DECIMAL

EXAMPLE :
- 100.3 - 38143.9 ONE ZERO ZERO DECIMAL THREE THREE EIGHT ONE FOUR THREE DECIMAL NINE

IDENTIFICATION OF VHF FREQUENCIES

NOT MORE THAN TWO SIGNIFICANT DIGIT AFTER THE DECIMAL POINT ARE USED; 118.0 118.1 118.125 118.150 ONE ONE EIGHT DECIMAL ZERO ONE ONE EIGHT DECIMAL ONE ONE ONE EIGHT DECIMAL ONE TWO ONE ONE EIGHT DECIMAL ONE FIVE

5.2.1.4.1.3 / Note.2

TRANSMITTING TIME
ONLY THE MINUTES OF THE HOUR SHOULD NORMALLY BE REQUIRED.

EACH DIGIT SHOULD BE PRONOUNCED SEPARATELY.

HOWEVER, THE HOUR SHOULD BE INCLUDED WHEN ANY POSSIBILITY OF CONFUSION IS LIKELY TO RESULT. 0920 (9:20 A.M) 1643 (4:43 P.M) TOO ZE-RO or ZE-RO NIN-er TOO ZE-RO FOW-er TREE or WUN SIX FOW-er TREE

5.2.1.4.1.4

VERIFICATION OF NUMBERS
WHEN IT IS DESIRED TO VERIFY THE ACCURATE RECEPTION OF NUMBERS THE PERSON TRANSMITTING THE MESSAGE SHALL REQUEST THE PERSON RECEIVING THE MESSAGE TO

NUMBERS.

READ BACK THE

5.2.1.4.2

COMPOSITION OF MESSAGES
Message handled entirely by the Aeronautical Mobile Service (AMS) shall comprise the following parts in the order stated : 1) Call indicating the addressee and the originator 2) Text
(Call) (Text) (Call) JAKARTA INFO MERPATI ONE ONE EIGHT REQUEST SELCAL CHECK
OR

MERPATI ONE ONE EIGHT JAKARTA INFO

(Text) CONTACT PALEMBANG INFO

5.2.1.6.1

CALL SIGN OF AERONAUTICAL STATION

Shall be identified by : 1) the name of the location, and 2) the unit or service available.
Unit/service available Call sign suffix

Area Control Centre Approach Control Aerodrome Control Flight Information Service Aeronautical Station ITU Provision

CONTROL APPROACH TOWER INFORMATION RADIO

The name of the airport or geographical name of the place followed, if necessary, by a suitable word indicating the function of the station (the unit or service available)

5.2.1.7.1

CALL SIGN OF AIRCRAFT STATION

FULL CALL SIGNS
Type-A

The characters corresponding to the registration marking of the aircraft; or The telephony designator of the aircraft operating agency, followed by the last four characters of the registration marking of the aircraft; The telephony designator of the aircraft operating agency, followed by the flight identification.

Type-B

Type-C

5.2.1.7.2.1

CALL SIGN OF AIRCRAFT STATION

(Cont)

ABBREVIATED CALL SIGNS

TYPE - A

The first character of the registration and at least the last two characters of the call sign; The telephony designator of the aircraft operating agency, followed by at least the last two characters of the call sign; No abbreviated form.

TYPE - B

TYPE - C

5.2.1.7.2.2.1

An aircraft shall not change the type of its radiotelephony call sign during flight
EXCEPT

Temporarily on the instruction of an ATC unit in the interests of safety.

FULL CALL SIGN shall always be used when establishing

communication.

ABBREVIATED CALL SIGNS shall be used only :

After satisfactory communication has been established; No confusion is likely to arise; After it has been addressed in this manner by the aeronautical station.
5.2.1.7.3.1 / 5.2.1.7.3.1.1 / 5.2.1.7.3.2.1/5.2.1.7.3.3.1

ESTABLISHMENT OF RTF COMM

WHEN ESTABLISHING COMMUNICATION

FULL CALL SIGN shall always be used

AIRCRAFT STATION AND AERONAUTICAL STATION

CALL AND REPLY PROCEDURES

5.2.1.7.3.2.1

CALL AND REPLY PROCEDURES

DESIGNATION OF THE STATION CALLED

CALLING

DESIGNATION OF THE STATION CALLING DESIGNATION OF THE STATION CALLED

REPLYING

DESIGNATION OF THE ANSWERING STATION INVITATION TO PROCEED WITH TRANSMISSION

5.2.1.7.3.2.1 / 5.2.1.7.3.2.3

CALLING

Polonia TWR Indonesia 120

Indonesia 120 Polonia TWR Go ahead

REPLY

ESTABLISHMENT OF RTF COMM

(Cont)
WHEN A STATION IS CALLED BUT IS UNCERTAIN OFTHE IDENTIFICATION OF THE CALLING STATION SHOULD REPLY BY TRANSMITTING :

STATION CALLING (station called) SAY AGAIN YOUR CALL SIGN

?
POLONIA TWR .

STATION CALLING POLONIA TOWER SAY AGAIN YOUR CALL SIGN

5.2.1.7.3.2.4

ESTABLISHMENT OF RTF COMM

(Cont)
COMMUNICATIONS SHALL COMMENCE WITH A CALL AND REPLY WHEN IT IS DESIRED TO ESTABLISH CONTACT

EXCEPT

WHEN IT IS CERTAIN THAT THE STATION CALLED WILL RECEIVE THE CALL

THE CALLING STATION MAY TRANSMIT THE MESSAGE, WITHOUT WAITING FOR REPLY FROM THE STATION CALLED.
5.2.1.7.3.2.5

Passing 3500 ctc Medan APP, Polonia TWR

Polonia TWR Merpati 145 Passing 3500 ctc Medan APP

Merpati 145

SUBSEQUENT RTF COMM

AFTER CONTACT HAS BEEN ESTABLISHED CONTINUOUS TWO-WAY COMMUNICATION SHALL BE PERMITTED WITHOUT FURTHER IDENTIFICATION or CALL UNTIL TERMINATION OF THE CONTACT

Aircraft calling

Ground Station reply readback PSN REPORT transmit QAM REPORT

Transmit PSN REPORT

readback WX REPORT
5.2.1.7.3.3.2

SUBSEQUENT RTF COMM (cont)

TO AVOID ANY POSSIBLE CONFUSION

PILOT
CONTROLLER

ATC Clearance
Shall always add the

Reading back ATC Clearance

CALL SIGN of AIRCRAFT to which

the clearance applies
5.2.1.7.3.3.3

Merpati 432 continue climb 2500 ctc approach

continue climb 2500 ctc approach Merpati 432

Merpati 432 Polonia TWR

INDICATING OF TRANSMITTING FREQUENCY

As the aeronautical station operator generally guard more than one frequency, the call should be followed by an indi-cation of the frequency used, unless other suitable means of identifying the frequency are known to exist. When no confusion is likely to arise, only the first two digits of the HF (in kHz) need be used to identify the transmitting channel.

5.2.1.7.3.4.1 / 5.2.1.7.3.4.2

GIA432 calling Jakarta Information on 8957 kHz

CALLING

Jakarta Info Indonesia 432 on 89

Indonesia 432 Jakarta Info Go ahead

REPLY

TEST PROCEDURES
THE FORM OF TEST TRANSMISSION SHOULD BE AS FOLLOWS:
1 2 3 4 THE IDENTIFICATION OF THE STATION BEING CALLED; THE AIRCRAFT IDENTIFICATION; THE WORD RADIO CHECK; THE FREQUENCY BEING USED.

THE REPLY TO A TEST TRANSMISSION

1 2 3 THE AIRCRAFT IDENTIFICATION; THE IDENTIFICATION OF THE AERONAUTICAL REPLYING; INFORMATION REGARDING THE READABILITY OF THE AIRCRAFT TRANSMISSION.

5.2.1.8.1 / 5.2.1.8.2

TEST PROCEDURES (cont)

READABILITY SCALES :
1 UNREADABLE; 2 READABLE NOW AND THEN; 3 READABLE BUT WITH DIFFICULTY; 4 READABLE; 5 PERFECTLY READABLE.

THE TEST TRANSMISSION AND REPLY SHOULD BE RECORDED AT THE AERONAUTICAL STATION.

5.2.1.8.4 / 5.2.1.8.3

RADIO CHECK VHF FREQUENCY

1 MNA 231, POLONIA TWR READING YOU 4 POLONIA TWR, MNA 231 RADIO CHECK ON 118.1

3 READING YOU 4 MNA 231 4 POLONIA TWR DENOTING CORRECTNESS OF THE READBACK

THE AIRCRAFT GIVE ACKNOWLEDGEMENT OF RECEIPT

RADIO CHECK FOR HF FREQUENCIES

Waiting for calling PK-ANR 4 STANDING BY, JAKARTA INFO
PK-ANR, JAKARTA INFO READING YOU 3, CHECK ON 8957

JAKARTA INFO, PKANR RADIO CHECK ON 5631

PK-ANR, JAKARTA INFO READING YOU 4, MAKE PRIMARY FREQ ON 8957 SECONDARY FREQ ON 5631

3 READING YOU 3 CHECK ON 8957 PK-ANR STANDBY

THE AIRCRAFT GIVE ACKNOWLEDGEMENT OF RECEIPT

JAKARTA INFO, PK-ANR RADIO CHECK ON 8957 5

JAKARTA INFO 8
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT DENOTING CORRECTNESS OF THE READBACK

READING YOU 4, MAKE PRIMARY FREQ ON 8957 SECONDARY FREQ ON 5631

PK-ANR

EXCHANGE OF COMMUNICATIONS
COMMUNICATIONS

USING STANDARD PHRASEOLOGY WHENEVER AVAILABLE

ABBREVIATED
PROCEDURES
ONLY AFTER INITIAL CONTACT HAS BEEN ESTABLISHED

NO CONFUSION
IS LIKELY TO ARISE

5.2.1.8.1 / 5.2.1.8.1.1

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT OF RECEIPT
BEFORE

ACKNOWLEDGMENT OF RECEIPT THE RECEIVING OPERATOR SHALL MAKE CERTAIN THAT THE MESSAGE HAS BEEN RECEIVED CORRECTLY ACKNOWLEDGEMENT OF RECEIPT is not to be confused with ACKNOWLEDGEMENT OF INTERCEPT in radio-telephony network operations.

5.2.1.8.2 / note

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT OF RECEIPT
(Cont)

TRANSMITTED BY AN AIRCRAFT STATION :

THE ACKNOWLEDGEMENT OF RECEIPT OF A MESSAGE SHALL COMPRISE THE CALL SIGN OF THAT AIRCRAFT.

AN AIRCRAFT STATION SHOULD ACKNOWLEDGE RECEIPT OF IMPORTANT AIR TRAFFIC MESSAGES OR PARTS THEREOF BY READING THEM BACK AND TERMINATING THE READBACK BY ITS RADIO CALL SIGN

5.2.1.8.2.1 / 5.2.1.8.2.2

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT OF RECEIPT
(Cont)
FOR
ATC INSTRUCTIONS ATC CLEARANCE ALTIMETER SETTING POSITION REPORTS

BY
READING BACK THE MESSAGE FOLLOWED BY IT OWN CALL SIGN

FLIGHT PROGRESS REPORT WEATHER INFO TRANSMITTING AICRAFT CALL SIGN ONLY

TRAFFIC INFO
OTHER INFO MESSAGE OTHER THAN ATC INSTRUCTION/ CLEARANCE

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT OF RECEIPT
(Cont)

TRANSMITTED BY AN AERONAUTICAL STATION :

To an aircraft station :
it shall comprise the call sign of the aircraft, followed if considered necessary by the call sign of the aeronautical station;

To another aeronautical station :

it shall comprise the call sign of the aeronautical station that acknowledging receipt.

5.2.1.8.2.3

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT OF RECEIPT
(Cont)

AERONAUTICAL STATION should be acknowledge

BY

POSITION REPORTS

OTHER FLIGHT PROGRESS REPORTS

READING BACK THE REPORT AND TERMINATING THE READBACK BY ITS CALL SIGN

EXCEPT

That the readback procedure may be suspended temporarily whenever it will alleviate congestion on the communication channel.

5.2.1.8.2.3.1

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT OF RECEIPT
(Cont)
2
PKANR - BUDI TOWER GO AHEAD

1
BUDI TOWER PKANR

Acknowledgement of receipt

PK-ANR BUDI TOWER

The aircraft gives acknowledgement of receipt :

REPORTING DIRECTOR GENERAL ON BOARD

PK-ANR

Denoting correctness of readback

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT OF RECEIPT
(Cont)
FOR VERIFICATION FOR THE RECEIVING STATION TO READ BACK THE MESSAGE AS AN ADDITIONAL ACKNOWLEDGEMENT OF RECEIPT. THE STATION TO WHICH THE INFORMATION IS READ BACK SHOULD ACKNOWLEDGE THE CORRECTNESS OF READBACK BY TRANSMITTING ITS CALL SIGN IF BOTH POSITION REPORT AND OTHER INFORMATION SUCH AS WEATHER REPORTS- ARE RECEIVED IN THE SAME MESSAGE, THE INFORMATION SHOULD BE ACKNOWLEDGED WITH THE WORDS SUCH AS WEAHTER RECEIVED AFTER THE POSITION REPORT HAS BEEN READ BACK, EXCEPT WHEN INTERCEPT OF THE INFORMATION IS REQUIRED BY OTHER NETWORK STATIONS. OTHER MESSAGES SHOULD BE ACKNOWLEDGED, THE AERONAUTICAL STATION TRANSMITTING ITS CALL SIGN ONLY.
5.2.1.8.2.4 / 5.2.1.8.2.5

END OF CONVERSATION
A RADIOTELEPHONE CONVERSATION SHALL BE TERMINATED BY THE RECEIVING STATION USING

ITS OWN CALL SIGN

5.2.1.8.3

MESSAGE TRANSMISSION
PKANR - BUDI TOWER CLEARED TO TAXI RWY 30 QFE 1008

BUDI TOWER PKANR BOUND FOR HALIM REQUEST TAXI CLEARANCE

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT DENOTING CORRECTNESS OF READBACK BUDI TOWER

4
THE AIRCRAFT GIVES ACKNOWLEDGEMENT OF RECEIPT :

CLEARED TO TAXI RWY 30 QFE 1008 - PKANR

CORRECTION
When an error has been made in transmission, the word CORRECTION shall be spoken, the last correct group or phrase repeated, and then the correct version transmitted. If a correction can best be made by repeating the entire message, the operator shall use the phrase CORRECTION, I SAY AGAIN before transmitting the message a second time. When an operator transmitting a message considers that reception is likely to be difficult, he should transmit the important elements of the message twice.
5.2.1.8.4.1 / 5.2.1.8.4.2 / 5.2.1.8.4.3

Example
DEPARTURE MESSAGE TRANSMITTED BY GIA345 TO MEDAN INFORMATION

GIA345 BOUND FOR MEDAN FROM BANDA ACEH DEP. BANDA ACEH0009 PASSING 5500 FT ASC FL.155 EST DUAMO0038 EST TMA MEDAN0059 ETA MEDAN0119.
ERROR (S) IN TRANSMISSION, SHALL BE CORRECTED :

. DEP BANDA ACEH0007 CORRECTION DEP BANDA ACEH0009 PASSING 5500 FT etc.
CORRECTION CAN BE MADE, IF NECESSARY, BY REPEATING THE WHOLE MESSAGE :

. ETA MEDAN0119... CORRECTION I SAY AGAIN GIA345 BOUND FOR MEDAN FROM BANDA ACEH .. etc.
AN OPERATOR RECEPTION TO BE DIFFICULT, THE IMPORTANT ELEMENT OF THE MESSAGE TO TRANSMIT TWICE :

.DEP BANDA ACEH 0009 PASSING 5500 FT ASC FL.155 I SAY AGAIN PASSING 5500 FT ASC FL.155 EST DUAMO0038 .etc.

REPETITION
If the receiving operator is in doubt as to the correctness of the message received
SHALL REQUEST REPETITION EITHER IN FULL OR IN PART.
SAY AGAIN or SAY AGAIN ALL BEFORE . (the first word satisfactorily received) SAY AGAIN ALL AFTER . (last word satisfactorily received) SAY AGAIN .. (word before missing portion) TO .. (word after missing portion)
5.2.1.8.4.4 / 5.2.1.8.4.5

- Repeat entire message specific item - Repeat part of message

- Repeat part of message

- Repeat part of message

REQUESTING REPETITION
1 PKANR - BUDI TOWER CLEARED TO TAXI RWY 30 QNH 1009 CORRECTION 2 QNH 1008 BUDI TOWER - PKANR BOUND FOR HALIM REQ. TAXI CLEARANCE

4
I SAY AGAIN PKANR CLEARED TO TAXI RWY 30 QNH 1008 3 CLEARED TO TAXI RWY 30 QNH 1008 PKANR
THE AIRCRAFT GIVE ACKNOWLEDGEMENT OF RECEIPT

BUDI TOWER PK ANR SAY AGAIN

THE AIRCRAFT REQUEST REPETITION

6 BUDI TOWER
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT DENOTING CORRECTNESS OF THE READBACK

REQUESTING REPETITION (Cont)

PKANR - BUDI TOWER CLEARED TO TAXI RWY 30 QNH 1008 BUDI TOWER - PKANR BOUND FOR HALIM REQ. TAXI CLEARANCE

I SAY AGAIN QNH 1008

6
BUDI TOWER
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT DENOTING CORRECTNESS OF THE READBACK

3
CLEARED TO TAXI RWY 30 QNH 1008 PKANR

BUDI TOWER - PK ANR SAY AGAIN QNH THE AIRCRAFT REQUEST REPETITION

THE AIRCRAFT GIVE ACKNOWLEDGEMENT OF RECEIPT

COMMUNICATION WATCH/HOUR OF SERVICE (Cont)

Aircraft shall continuously guard the VHF emergency frequency 121.5 MHz in areas or over routes where the possibility of interception of aircraft or other hazardous situations exist, and a requirement has been established by the appropriate authority.

The user of the air-to-air VHF communications channel shall ensure that adequate watch is maintained on designated ATS frequencies, the frequency of the aeronautical emergency channel, and any other mandatory watch frequencies.

5.2.2.1.1.2 / 5.2.2.1.1.4

COMMUNICATIONS FAILURE (1)

AIR-GROUND
When an aircraft station fails to establish contact with the aeronautical station on the designated frequency, it shall attempt to establish contact on another frequency appropriate to the route. If this attempt fails, the aircraft station shall attempt to establish communication with other aircraft or other aeronautical station on frequencies appropriate to the route. In addition, an aircraft operating within a network shall monitor the appropriate VHF frequency for calls from nearby aircraft. If at above fail, the aircraft station shall transmit its message twice on the designated frequency(ies), preceded by the phrase TRANSMITTING BLIND and, if necessary, include the addressee(s) for which the message is intended. In network operation, a message which is transmitted blind should be transmitted twice on both primary and secondary frequencies. before changing frequency, the aircraft station should announce the frequency to which it is changing.
5.2.2.7.1.1 / 5.2.2.7.1.2 / 5.2.2.7.1.2.1

COMMUNICATIONS FAILURE (2)

Receiver Failure
When an aircraft station is unable to establish communication due to receiver failure, it shall transmit reports at the scheduled times, or positions, on the frequency in use preceded by the phrase TRANSMITTING BLIND DUE TO RECEIVER FAILURE. The aircraft station shall transmit the intended message, following this by a complete repetition. During this procedure, the aircraft shall also advise the time of its next intended transmission.
5.2.2.7.1.3.1

COMMUNICATIONS FAILURE (3)

Receiver Failure
An aircraft which is provided with air traffic control or advisory service shall, in addition to complying with at above, transmit information regarding the intention of the pilot in command with respect to the continuation of the flight of the aircraft. When an aircraft is unable to establish communication due to airborne equipment failure it shall, when so equipped, select the appropriate SSR code to indicate radio failure.

5.2.2.7.1.3.2 / 5.2.2.7.1.3.3

HF MESSAGE HANDLING
When operating within a network, an aircraft station should, in principle, whenever communications conditions so permit, transmit its messages to the stations of the network from which they can be most readily delivered to thir ultimate destinations. In particular, aircraft reports required by air traffic services should be transmitted to the network station serving the flight information centre or area control centre in whose area the aircraft is flying. Conversely, messages to aircraft in flight should, whenever possible, be transmitted directly to the aircraft by the network station serving the location of the originator. Message passed from an aircraft to a network station should, whenever possible, be intercepted and acknowledge by other stations of the network, which serve locations where the information is also required.
5.2.3.1.1 / 5.2.3.1.2

EMERGENCY COMMUNICATIONS
RADIOTELEPHONY DISTRESS COMMUNICATION RADIOTELEPHONY URGENCY COMMUNICATION

THE RADIOTELEPHONY DISTRESS SIGNAL

MAYDAY

THE RADIOTELEPHONY URGENCY SIGNAL

PANPAN

SHALL BE USED AT COMMENCEMENT

DISTRESS AND URGENCY COMMUMINCATION RESPECTIVELY

OF THE FIRST

DISTRESS TRAFFIC

URGENCY TRAFFIC

SHALL NORMALLY BE MAINTAINED ON THE FREQUENCY ON WHICH SUCH TRAFFIC WAS INITIATED UNTIL IT IS CONSIDERED THAT BETTER ASSISTANCE CAN BE PROVIDED BY TRANSFERING THAT TRAFFIC TO ANOTHER FREQUENCY.

5.3.1.5

In DISTRESS and URGENCY COMMUNICATIONS``

In general

The transmissions by radiotelephony shall be made :

SLOWLY and DISTINCTLY EACH WORD BEING CLEARLY PRONOUNCED

5.3.1.6

RADIOTELEPHONY DISTRESS COMMUNICATIONS

DISTRESS SIGNAL

MAYDAY

FROM THE FRENCH WORD

MAIDER (HELP ME)

IN DISTRESS COMMUNICATIONS PREFERABLY SPOKEN THREE TIMES

5.3.2.1.1

ACTION BY THE AIRCRAFT IN DISTRESS To being preceded by the radiotelephony distress signal MAYDAY, preferably spoken TREE TIMES;

The distress message to be sent by an aircraft in distress, shall:

Be on the air-ground frequency

in use at the time;

Consist of as many as possible of the following elements spoken distinctly and, if possible, in the following order :
1. Name of the station addressed (time and circumstances permitting); 2. The identification of the aircraft; 3. The nature of the distress condition; 4. Intention of the person in command; 5. Present position, level (flight level, altitude, et) and heading.
5.3.2.1.1

The DISTRESS MESSAGE of an aircraft in distress

Being made on the emergency frequency 121.5 MHz

or

Another aeronautical mobile frequency

Not all aeronautical stations maintain a continuous guard on the EMERGENCY FREQUENCY Normally be that station communicating with aircraft OR

THE STATION ADDRESSED

In whose area of responsibility the aircraft is operating

Note 1 / 2

TRANSMISSION OF A DISTRESS MESSAGE BY AN AIRCRAFT IN DISTRESS.

1. The distress signal 2. Name of the station addressed 3. Identification of the aircraft 4. Nature of distress condition

- MAYDAY MAYDAY MAYDAY - PODANG RADIO - PKABC - ENGINE ON FIRE

5. Intention of the person in command - WILL MAKE FORCE LANDING 6. Present position, level, heading - PSN 20 NM WEST OF DELTA ALT 5500 HEADING 090 DGS.

ACTION BY THE STATION ADDRESSED or FIRST STATION ACKNOWLEDGING THE DISTRESS MESSAGE Immediately acknowledge the distress message; Take control of the communications or specifically and clearly transfer that responsibility, advising the aircraft if a transfer is made; Take immediate action to ensure that all necessary information is made available, as soon as possible, to : 1. The ATS unit concerned; 2. The aircraft operating agency concerned, or its representative, in accordance with pre-established arrangements Warn other stations, as appropriate, in order to prevent the transfer of traffic to the frequency of the distress communication.
5.3.2.2.1

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT OF RECEIPT OF THE DISTRESS MESSAGE.

1. Identification of the aircraft

- PKABC

2. Identification of the station - PODANG RADIO acknowledging the distress message 3. The word ROGER 4. The distress signal - ROGER - MAYDAY

IMPOSITION OF SILENCE

The station in distress

OR

The station in control of distress traffic

ON ALL STATION OF THE MOBILE SERVICE IN THE AREA OR ON ANY STATION WHICHINTERFERES WITH THE DISTRESS TRAFFIC

IMPOSE SILENCE

SHALL BE PERMITTED TO

IT SHALL ADDRESS THESE INSTRUCTIONS TO ALL STATION OR TO ONE STATION ONLY ACCORDING TO CIRCUMSTANCES.

In either case, it shall use : * STOP TRANSMITTING * in radiotelephony signal MAYDAY

TRANSMISSION OF IMPOSITION OF SILENCE

MAYDAY ALL STATION PODANG RADIO STOP TRANSMITTING MAYDAY

The station in control of distress traffic, transmitted of imposition of silence to all stations of the mobile service in the area

TRANSMISSION OF IMPOSITION OF SILENCE PKABC

PKMNH

PODANG RADIO PKMNH

MAYDAY PKMNH - PKABC STOP TRANSMITTING MAYDAY The station in distress (PKABC), transmitted of imposition of silence to one station (PKMNH) which interfere with the distress traffic.

TRANSMISSION OF IMPOSITION OF SILENCE

PKMNH

MAYDAY PKMNH PODANG RADIO STOP TRANSMITTING MAYDAY

PODANG RADIO PKMNH

The station in control of distress traffic, transmitted of imposition of silence to one station which interferes with the distress traffic. Example :

PKMNH which interfere with the distress traffic in the area.

ACTION BY ALL OTHER STATIONS The distress communication

have absolute priority over all other communications

UNLESS

A station aware of them shall not transmit on the frequency concerned

1. The distress is cancelled or the distress traffic is terminated; 2. All distress traffic has been transferred to other frequencies; 3. The station controlling communications gives permission. 4. It has itself to render assistance.

5.3.2.4.1

TERMINATION OF DISTRESS COMMUNICATIONS and OF SILENCE

When an aircraft is no longer in distress, it shall transmit a
message CANCELLING DISTRESS condition.

The station which has controlled the distress communication traffic becomes aware that the distress condition is ended

Shall immediate action to ensure that information is made available, as soon as possible, to :

1. The ATS unit concerned;

2. The aircraft operating agency concerned, or its representative, in accordance with pre-established arrangements.

5.3.2.5.1 / 5.3.2.5.2

TERMINATION OF DISTRESS COMMUNICATIONS and OF SILENCE

The distress communication and silence conditions shall be terminated by transmitting a message,

Including the word DISTRESS TRAFFIC ENDED

On the frequency or frequencies being used for the distress traffic.

The message shall be originated only by the station controlling the communications when, after the reception of the message canceling the distress condition from the aircraft in distress. It is authorized to do so by the appropriate authority
5.3.2.5.3

CANCELLATION OF DISTRESS CONDITION BY AN AIRCRAFT

When an aircraft is no longer in distress, it shall transmit a message canceling the distress message.

MAYDAY PKABC PODANG RADIO cancel distress FIRE EXTINGUISED ALT.5500 CONTINUING FLIGHT TO BANDA PODANG RADIO

PKABC

MAYDAY 1 PODANG RADIO PKABC cancel distress FIRE EXTINGUISED ALT.5500 CONTINUING FLIGHT TO BANDA
5.3.2.5.1

CANCELLATION OF SILENCE CONDITION BY THE STATION CONTROLLED THE DISTRESS TRAFFIC. The distress communication and silence conditions shall be terminated by transmitting a message, including the word DISTRESS TRAFFIC ENDED, on the frequency or frequencies being used for the distress traffic. This message shall be originated only by the station controlling the communications, when after reception of the message cancelling the distress condition. MAYDAY ALL STATIONS PODANG RADIO DISTRESS TRAFFIC ENDED

5.3.2.5.3

ILUSTRATION OF RADIOTELEPHONY DISTRESS COMMUNICATION

MAYDAY (3X) PODANG RADIO PKABC ENGINE ON FIRE MAKE FORCE LANDING PSN 20 NM WEST OF DELTA ALT.550 HEADING 090 DGS.

MAYDAY PKABC PODANG RADIO ROGER MAYDAY

!!!

!!!

MAYDAY ALL STATION PODANG RADIO STOP TRANSMITTING MAYDAY

ILUSTRATION OF TERMINATION OF DISTRESS COMMUNICATIONS AND OF SILENCE

MAYDAY PODANG RADIO PKABC CANCEL DISTRESS FIRE EXTINGUISED ALT.550 CONTINUING FLIGHT TO BANDA

MAYDAY PKABC PODANG RADIO (READBACK) PODANG RADIO

!?

!?

MAYDAY ALL STATION (3X) PODANG RADIO DISTRESS TRAFFIC ENDED OUT

RADIOTELEPHONY URGENCY COMMUNICATIONS

URGENCY SIGNAL

PANPAN

DERIVED FROM THE FRENCH WORD

PANNE

IN URGENCY COMMUNICATIONS PREFERABLY SPOKEN THREE TIMES

PANPAN (3X)

ACTION BY THE AIRCRAFT REPORTING AN URGENCY CONDITION

To being preceded by the radiotelephony URGENCY SIGNAL PANPAN, preferably spoken TREE TIMES;
The URGENCY MESSAGE to be sent by an aircraft reporting an urgency condition, shall: Be on the air-ground frequency in use at the time; Consist of as many as required of the following elements spoken distinctly and, if possible, in the following order :
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. Name of the station addressed; The identification of the aircraft; The nature of the urgency condition; Intention of the person in command; Present position, level (flight level, altitude, et) and heading. Any other useful information.

TRANSMISSION OF A URGENCY MESSAGE BY AN AICRAFT REPORTING AN URGENCY CONDITION.

1. The urgency signal 2. Name of the station addressed 3. Identification of the aircraft 4. Nature of distress condition

- PANPAN (3X) - BUDI TOWER - PKANF - ENGINE OVER RUN

5. Intention of the person in command - WILL RETURN TO BASE 6. Present position, level, heading - PSN OVER SERVONG MAINTAIN ALT 1000 HEADING 090

7. Any other useful information

- REQUEST QUICK HANDLING ON ARRIVAL

ACTION BY THE STATION ADDRESSED or FIRST STATION ACKNOWLEDGING THE URGENCY MESSAGE
Acknowledge the URGENCY MESSAGE;

Take immediate action to ensure that all necessary information is made available, as soon as possible, to :
1. The ATS unit concerned; 2. The aircraft operating agency concerned, or its representative, in accordance with pre-established arrangements If necessary, exercise control of communications. ACKNOWLEDGEMENT OF RECEIPT WILL BE GIVEN BY READBACK OF URGENCY MESSAGE FROM AN AIRCRAFT REPORTING AN URGENCY CONDITION.

5.3.3.2.1

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT OF RECEIPT THE URGENCY MESSAGE PANPAN PKANF BUDI TOWER ENGINE OVER RUN WILL BE RETURN TO BASE POSITION OVER SERVONG ALT 1000 HEADING 090

REQUEST QUICK HANDLING ON ARRIVAL

3 PKANF

BUDI TOWER

PANPAN (3X) 1 BUDI TOWER PKABC ENGINE OVER RUN WILL BE RETURN TO BASE POSITION OVER SERVONG ALT.5500 HEADING 090 REQUEST QUICK HANDLING ON ARRIVAL

ACTION BY ALL OTHER STATIONS

The URGENCY COMMUNICATION

have priority over all other communications

EXCEPT

DISTRESS

all stations shall take care not to interfere with the transmission of urgency traffic

5.3.3.3.1