ON

By :

Varad Shastri
B.Tech ExTC SGGSIE&T, NANDED

Radio is the transmission of signals by modulation of electromagnetic waves with frequencies below those of visible light. Radio is based on wireless communication or setellite communication. In this era of technology due to need of wireless communication, A national service was planned and developed by the Prasar Bharati Broadcasting Corporation of India.
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The first license granted for transmitting a broadcast was given on February 23, 1922. The Radio Club of Calcutta was the first radio club to start functioning in Nov-1924 The Government run broadcasting set up was called the India State Broadcasting Service (ISBS) which is then turned into AIR (All India Radio) in June 1936. The introduction of the commercial channel Vividh Bharti in October 1957 increased the interest and popularity of radio. AIR today has a network of 232 broadcasting centres with 149 medium frequency(MW), 54 high frequency (SW) and 171 FM transmitters.The coverage is 91.79% of the area serving 99.14% of the people.
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Transmitting A radio wave carries information signal; Signals are converted into electrical signals. A carrier wave is then produced from the modulation. The wave is then amplified, and sent to the antenna that then converts signal into an E.M. wave. Receiving An antenna on receiving the signal send it to the receiver this then converts the electrical signal sends it to the amplifier either a speaker/headphones jack this is then converted into a sound wave.
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Modulation Amplification

Reception
Demodulation Amplification

Transmission

How radio electromagnetic waves are changed to Radio Waves The sound wave is equivalent to a pressure wave.

Modulated Carrier Wave Wave Microphone Modulating signal

Broadcast Tower

Radio

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 Studio Centre
Broadcast Studio Mixing Control Room
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 Recording Room Dubbing Room

Loud Speakers
Headphones

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AC POWER SUPPLY
DC POWER SUPPLY

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 FM broadcasts were introduced in Madras in 1977 and later at Jalandhar in 1992, but it was only in 1993 when slots came to be leased to private companies. On August 15, 1993 a Frequency Modulation (FM) Channel was launched in Bombay, with nine hours of radio which sloats was leased to private producers like Times FM, radiostar and Radio Midday. In FM Phase II some 338 frequencies were offered of which about 237 were sold.

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Here is an example of both FM modulation and AM modulation you can see from the image that AM is much looser than the FM signal meaning that less data can be sent at one time as it isnt compressed. The reason for the difference in sound quality as a lower bitrate must be sent across the wave.

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91.1 - Radio City 92.7 - Big FM 93.5 - S FM 94.3 - Radio One

98.3 - Radio Mirchi

101.1 Aakashwani Nanded

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o This is only means which can provide multi access two way communication. o The cost of transmitting information through satellite is independent of distance involved. o Satellite can be used for two way communication or broadcast purpose with the covered area. o Satellites are capable of handling very high bandwidth. o It is possible to provide large coverage using satellite. For example Geostationary satellite can cover about 42% of earth surface using global beam.

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Aakashwani- By VARAD SHASTRI

Aakashwani- By VARAD SHASTRI