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Development of the Halstead-Reitan Battery (HRB)

This tests was developed by ward Halstead and his student Ralph Reitan in the early 1940. This tests helps to determine the location and specific brain lesions. Halsteads observations of persons with cerebral lesions made it apparent at the very beginning that braindamaged individuals had a wide range of deficits and that a single test would not be able adequately to identify and evaluate the severity of their deficits. Halstead developed a series of 10 tests that ultimately formed the principal basis for his concept of biological intelligence.

The 10 tests in HRB

Category test Tactual performance test Rhythm test Finger-oscillation test Speech sounds perception test Trail making test Critical flicker frequency Aphasia screening test Sensory-perceptual test

Category test
Patients must discover the common elements in a set of pictures. The test measures concept function, abstraction, and visual activity.

Tactual performance test

The patients place shapes in a form board while blind board and then must recall the arrangement of the board. It measure dexterity, spatial memory, and tactual discrimination.

Rhythm test
Patients identify 30 pairs of rhythmic beats as either the same or different. the test measure auditory perception, attention, and concentration.

Finger-oscillation test
The patients tap the index finger of each hand in a measured 10 second period. The test measure dexterity and motor speech.

Speech sound perception test

Patients match 60 non sense syllables that they hear with several printed alternatives . The test measures auditory discrimination and phonetic skills.

Trail making test

Patient first connect 25 numbered circles in order and then connect 25 lettered and numbered in order altering between numbered and alphabetical circles. The test measures visual motor perception and motor speed.

Critical flicker frequency

Patients note when a flickering light becomes steady. the test measures visual perception.

Aphasia screening test

Patients must name objects, read, write, calculate, draw shapes, identify body parts, perform acts , and differentiate between left and right as a means of testing. The test measures a wide range of verbal and non verbal brain functions.

Time sense test

Patients judge, without looking the time it is takes for the second hand of a watch to make several revolutions. The test measures memory and spatial perception.

Sensory perceptual test

Patient perform several tasks with eyes closed such as identifying where they are touched simultaneously on the hand and the face(simultaneous sensory stimulation test).which finger is touched(finger localization) what coins are placed in the hand(stereognosis). And what numbers are written on the skin(tactile perception)

Reliability and validity

The reliability and validity of neuropsychological tests may affected by many factors Mood states especially anxiety and depression. Result may be confused by medication effects.